声悬浮条件下环己烷液滴的蒸发凝固

摘要

采用单轴式声悬浮方法研究了环己烷液滴的蒸发过程,发现环己烷液滴的蒸发可以使自身温度降至熔点以下并发生凝固.高速摄像实时观测表明,环己烷晶核开始形成于液滴赤道附近,并以枝晶方式长大,平均生长速度为12.5—160.4mm/s.进一步研究发现,声悬浮条件下平均Sherwood数与平均Nusselt数的比值Sh/Nu是在自然对流条件下的1.3倍,这表明声流边界层有效提高了环己烷液滴的蒸发速率而对传热的促进作用相对较小,因而可以使液滴降至更低温度,进而发生凝固.据此,提出了挥发性液体在声悬浮条件下发生蒸发凝固的必要条件.%The evaporation process of a cyclohexane drop is investigated by single-axis acoustic levitation method.It is found that the evaporation of the cyclohexane drop results in the decrease of its temperature below the melting point,and leading to solidification.The real-time observation with a high speed camera shows that the cyclohexane nucleates near the equator of the drop surface and grows dendritically with an average velocity ranging from 12.5 to 160.4 mm/s.Further studies indicate that the ratio Sh/Nu of the average Sherwood number to Nusselt number under acoustic levitation condition is 1.3 times of that under natural convection condition.This suggests that the acoustic streaming boundary layer effectively strengthens the evaporation but has less promotion effect on the heat transfer.Therefore,the drop temperature declines to a lower value and the evaporation induced solidification occurs under acoustic levitation condition.Accordingly,a necessary condition for the occurrence of evaporation induced solidification of volatile liquids is proposed.