双出口房间内疏散行人流的仿真和实验研究

摘要

A microscopic pedestrian model based on cellular automata is proposed and three groups of experiments on pedestrian evacuation from a double-exit room are conducted to investigate the route choice of pedestrians during evacuation. In the model, the route-choice behavior of pedestrians is affected by the route distance from the pedestrians to the exit, the capacity of the frontal route, and the repulsive force between pedestrians. Through the analysis of the video recordings, certain conclusions related to the route choice of pedestrians in these experiments are obtained. Model parameters are calibrated by the experimental data. Simulation results indicate that the model can reproduce the evacuation behavior of pedestrians in the room effectively and evacuation time is an increasing linear function of student number. The present study is helpful for devising evacuation strategies and schemes in buildings that are similar to the room.%　　为研究行人疏散过程中的路径选择行为，提出了一个基于元胞自动机的行人微观模型，并组织了三组双出口教室内的学生疏散实验。模型中，行人路径选择行为受其到出口距离、前方路径通行能力和行人间排斥力影响。通过观察实验结果，得到一些相关现象。利用实验结果对模型参数进行校正。利用校正模型对该教室内疏散学生流进行仿真，结果表明模型能有效地刻画教室内学生流的疏散特征，疏散时间随学生人数线性增加。该研究有助于类似场景中行人疏散策略和方案的制定。