基于节点健康度的无线传感器网络冗余通路控制方法

摘要

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in various measurement fields. However, their nodes are charac-teristic of constrained energy supply, limited hardware resource, large number of nodes, self-organization and dynamic topology, which make networks prone to malfunction. As a result, high reliability and low fault are the basic require-ments of WSNs. To prevent too many active nodes and wasting more energy in redundant routing method for WSNs, a fault-prevention technique of controlling redundant routes into sleeping based on health degree is proposed. This tech-nique uses sink node to collect the residual energy of each node, and to calculate energy consumption degree parameter and health degree parameter, and adopts a-star algorithm to control the redundant routes into sleeping mode. The simulation results of NS2 and actual node experimental results show that the present health degree based technique can balance the networks energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime significantly.%广泛应用于各种物理参数测量领域的无线传感器网络，因其节点具有能量供应有限、硬件资源有限、数目众多、自组织和动态拓扑等特点，使得网络极易发生故障，从而高可靠、低故障是其运行的基本要求。本文针对多冗余通路设计的无线传感器网络故障预防方法存在工作状态冗余节点过多、能量大量浪费的问题，提出一种基于节点健康度的冗余通路控制方法。该方法利用汇聚节点收集网络内所有节点能量状态，计算节点健康度等相关参数，使用A-Star算法选择最优工作通路，控制其余冗余通路分批轮流休眠，从而达到减少和均衡网络工作过程能量消耗、预防某些节点能量提前耗尽导致网络能量故障发生的目的。仿真实验和实际节点实验的结果表明，在保证网络适当冗余通路的前提下，与其他相关方法比较，该方法可以显著均衡网络能量消耗，有效预防节点能量故障提前发生，明显延长网络寿命。