本文介绍了新型铁电-半导体耦合光伏器件的发展历史和现状，阐述了所观察到的非经典行为，即开路电压在直流偏置电场控制下的迟滞的现象。将之与含有光诱导偶极子场的有机光伏器件和量子点电池、压电光电子器件、铁电光伏器件、钙钛矿电池等进行比较，发现偶极子极化电场在多种光伏器件中均存在，甚至可能起到主导作用。因此，提出了偶极子场半导体器件的概念，期望从更广义的范围涵盖结场型器件和非结场型偶极子器件，为促进光伏发电领域更多的创新提供思路。%This paper introduces the history and current research status of the novel ferroelectric-semiconductor coupled photovoltaic devices, in which a ferroelectric field of polarized dipoles from nanoparticles separates the photogenerated carriers. Fabrication of such devices by combining a CdS nanodipole and a CdTe absorber via a feasible method is described, which involves a phase segregation process of CdS from a CdS–CdTe pseudobinary system. An irregular behavior is observed on this type of devices, i.e. the hysteresis of open circuit voltage due to external bias of direct-current (DC) electric field. Other macroscopic and microscopic evidences of the dipole field photovoltaic effect are also described. Meanwhile, similar photovoltaic mechanism observed in other types of solar cells are also discussed, such as organic photovoltaic devices and quantum dot devices with photo-induced dipole polarization field, piezo-phototronic devices, ferroelectric photovoltaic devices, as well as perovskite solar cells. It is apparent that the polarization field of dipoles not only exists in the various types of photovoltaic devices, but also may dominate the behavior of devices. Therefore, we propose that a new concept of dipole field semiconductor devices could be properly used to explain the photovoltaic behavior of both junctional and un-junctional devices. The junctional devices could function with either pn junction or Schottky junction, while the un-junctional devices include all the devices mentioned above. We expect that various innovation should be inspired by this concept in photovoltaic community.
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