The AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)is a sensor of cellular energy status that is almost universally expressed in eukaryotic cells.While it appears to have evolved in single-celled eukaryotes to regulate energy balance in a cell-autonomous manner,during the evolution of multicellular animals its role has become adapted so that it also regulates energy balance at the whole body level,by responding to hormones that act primarily on the hypothalamus.AMPK monitors energy balance at the cellular level by sensing the ratios of AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP,and recent structural analyses of the AMPK heterotrimer that have provided insight into the complex mechanisms for these effects will be discussed.Given the central importance of energy balance in diseases that are major causes of morbidity or death in humans,such as type 2 diabetes,cancer and inflammatory disorders,there has been a major drive to develop pharmacological activators of AMPK.Many such activators have been described,and the various mechanisms by which these activate AMPK will be discussed.A particularly large class of AMPK activators are natural products of plants derived from traditional herbal medicines.While the mechanism by which most of these activate AMPK has not yet been addressed,I will argue that many of them may be defensive compounds produced by plants to deter infection by pathogens or grazing by insects or herbivores,and that many of them will turn out to be inhibitors of mitochondrial function.
展开▼
机译:Structure Determination and Mechanistic Insights of: I.Cyanobacteriochrome NpR6012g4 Light Sensor Protein in Phototaxis II.Retinal Degeneration 3 (RD3) Protein in Vision III.Ryanodine Receptor 2 (RyR2) Regulation by Calmodulin (CaM) in Cardiac Function =结构测定和机理洞悉:I.趋光性中的蓝细菌色素NpR6012g4光敏蛋白 II.视觉作用中的视网膜退化蛋白3 III.心脏功能中的钙调蛋白调控兰诺定受体2
机译:amp-activated protein kinase facilitates avian reovirus to induce mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapK) p38 and mapK kinase 3/6 signalling that is beneficial for virus replication