甲醇制烃反应催化剂积炭研究进展

摘要

Coking nature of the catalyst for methanol conversion to hydrocarbons (MTH) has attracted a great deal of interest from academic researchers .In this contribution ,coke species ,coke formation factors and effects of coke on catalytic performance were reviewed .Coke formation is greatly influenced by texture ,acidity ,mesoporous diffusion and lattice defects of zeolite catalyst . There are two routes in hydrocarbon pool mechanism—polymethylbenzene route and olefin route , w hich operate on a complementary and competing basis .T he dominant route depends on the zeolite topology .The hydrocarbon pool mechanism was directly verified by the first commercial MTO unit in the world .The modification of zeolite topology to adjust the hydrocarbon pool species is an effective strategy of MTH catalyst development .The increase of diffusion by increasing the mesopore portion of the zeolites can decrease coking rate in zeolite pores systems .The selective passivation on zeolite outer surface acidity and development of catalyst with weaker acidity are the emphases in the future catalyst development .%甲醇制烃（MTH）反应催化剂积炭失活特性是学术界研究的热点。笔者从积炭物种、催化剂积炭形成因素、积炭对催化性能影响三个方面综述了甲醇制烃反应过程中催化剂的积炭行为。催化剂的积炭形成主要受分子筛织构性质、酸性、介孔扩散、晶格缺陷等性质的影响。烃池机理有多甲基苯路线和烯烃路线2种解释，二者竞争并存，哪种路线占主导取决于分子筛的织构性质。烃池机理已经在世界首套甲醇制烯烃（MTO）工业装置得到直接证实。根据烃池机理反应路径调节分子筛的拓扑结构，以及增加分子筛中介孔比例，改善催化剂的扩散效应是MTH催化剂的改性方向。定向钝化分子筛外表面酸性和寻找具有弱酸性的新型分子筛是今后研发的重点。