电子垃圾影响区多氯联苯污染农田土壤的生物修复机制与技术发展

摘要

电子垃圾中含有大量多氯联苯等有毒有害物质,对电子垃圾的不当拆解可造成土壤、水体和大气的污染,进而对生态环境和人体健康构成潜在的威胁.生物修复是利用生物对环境污染物的吸收、代谢、降解等功能,加速去除环境中污染物质的过程.根据修复所用的主体,生物修复又可分为植物修复、微生物修复、动物修复及其联合修复等.本文结合笔者的研究工作,综述了我国东南沿海某典型电子垃圾拆解区土壤多氯联苯的污染特征,并介绍了当前国内外对多氯联苯污染土壤的微生物修复、植物修复和植物-微生物联合修复技术及其机理研究的现状,并提出未来研究趋势,旨在为促进污染区土壤环境生物修复的深入研究、保障污染区的农产品质量安全和人体健康提供理论参考.%Electric and electronic wastes (e-wastes) contain plenty of toxic and hazardous materials, such as poly-chlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs) . Improper dissembling of these e-wastes can cause pollution to the soil, water and air, thus posing a potential threat to the ecological environment and human health. Bioremediation is an option that may accelerate removal of various environmental contaminants using the functions of biomes absorbing, metabolizing and biodegrading the contaminants. Based on the subject used, bioremediation can be divided into phytoremediation, microbial remediation, animal remediation, and joint remediation. Based on the author's research work, this paper summarizes characteristics of PCBs pollution of the soils around an e-wastes dissembling typical zone along the coast of Southeast China, and introduces status quo of the researches on technologies for and mechanisms of microbial remediation, phytoremediation, and phyto-microbial joint remediation of PCB-contaminated soils, and proposes the future research trends, with a view to providing a theoretical reference for in-depth study on bioremediation of the soil environment, and protection of food safety and human health in polluted areas.