Heixiazi Island locates in the easternmost end along the Sino-Russian border of Fuyuan County,Heilongjiang Province.Adult horseflies take blood meals from various mammals including humans and are known to cause multiple zoonoses.There was still no information nowadays about the distributions and seasonal activities of horseflies in Heixiazi Island,and no sufficient controlling measures to reduce their harms to livestock and humans.The species diversity and seasonal activities of horseflies on Heixiazi Island were investigated during June to August of 2012 and 2013 with traps (Horsefly Trap,Alcoche-Hygiene,Holand) every 500 m apart along the wet meadows of forest edge,river banks and villages.A total of 5 941 specimens including 9 species of five genera were identified.Tabanus griseinus was the dominant species accounted for 40.57％,and followed by Atylotus miser accounted for 35.15％.The species diversity index was higher in late July,and then declined gradually over the successive two months.Hybomitra distinguenda prefer to breed in the wet meadows alone the forest edge,while A.miser and T.griseinus are the dominant species near the human settlements.The population structure of horsefly's community appeared to be relatively stable in late June in respect to species diversity obtained by trap sampling.The species dominance index was relatively higher with several dominant species in early August.The results indicated that the high-risk period for horsefly-borne diseases in Heixiazi Island area is from mid-June to all July of a year.%黑瞎子岛地处我国最东端,在中俄边界抚远县境内的黑龙江与乌苏里江汇合处.牛虻以吸牛、马等牲畜血液为主,兼吸人血,是多种疾病的传播媒介,至今尚未有关于黑瞎子岛牛虻的分布与季节消长的研究报道.本研究分别于2012、2013年6至8月份,采用牛虻捕获器,对黑瞎子岛牛虻种群分布和季节消长进行了调查研究.调查分别选择人居、河边和丛林湿地为采样点,每个牛虻捕获器相距500 m.共捕获5属9种共5 941只牛虻.结果显示,土灰虻Tabanus griseinus为黑瞎子岛优势种(40.57％),其次数量较多为骚扰黄虻Atylotus miser (35.15％).7月下旬牛虻物种多样性指数较高,显著瘤虻Hybomitra distinguenda 是丛林湿地的主要种类,土灰虻T.griseinus和骚扰黄虻A.miser是人居的优势种类.6月下旬牛虻种群结构较稳定,8月上旬优势度指数相对较高,结果表明该地区6月中旬至7月是牛虻传播疾病的高风险时期.
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