媒介蜱与人类疾病关系密切,可以携带和传播多种重要病原.准噶尔盆地是我国第2大盆地,地处新疆北部,是我国虫媒疫病的自然疫源地.为了掌握准噶尔盆地蜱类区系分布动态和群落结构特征,按照地理生态区划和不同生境类型,选择了6个生态区、16个生境类型、48个考察位点,进行蜱类标本的采集和分类鉴定,采用群落生态学技术方法,分析不同生境条件下蜱类群落的丰富度、均匀度和多样性,研究不同生态区的群落组成结构.结果在该地区共采获蜱类标本19 466枚,隶属5属21种,以草原革蜱、亚洲璃眼蜱指名亚种和银盾革蜱为优势蜱种.不同生境类型的蜱类,群落组成亦不相同,草原革蜱和银盾革蜱多栖息于林区牧场和荒漠草原,而亚洲璃眼蜱指名亚种和亚东璃眼蜱是高温低湿的种类,是噶尔盆地沙漠中的优势蜱种;而且在同一生境中,动物寄生蜱比游离蜱丰富,这与宿主动物的放牧和调运有关.结果表明,准噶尔盆地蜱类群落丰富、区系分布广泛,但不同地理景观和生境类型的群落结构存在较大差异.%Ticks are important vectors of several pathogens. The Junggar Basin, located in north of Xinjiang Uygur rnAutonomous Region, is a natural focus of insect-borne diseases .For understanding the faunal distribution and structural rncharacteristics of tick community in Junggar Basin, ticks were collected and systematically identified with synecological methods in 48 sites of 16 habitat types of 6 ecotopes according to the geographical division and habitat type. The richness, rnuniformity and diversity of tick community in different habitats, as well as the community construction in different ecotopes, rnwere analyzed. A total of 19 466 ticks belonging to 21 species of 5 genera were collected. Of them Dermacentor nuttalli,rnHyalomma asiaticum asiaticum and D. niveus were the dominant species. The community composition of tick in different rnhabitats was different. D. nuttalli and D. niveus preferred to inhabit forest ranch and desert steppe, while Hy. a. asiaticum and Hy. asiaticam accommodated the hyperthermal and arid environment, were the dominant species in desert areas of Junggar Basin. It has been indicated that there are rich species of ticks in the Basin with wide faunal distribution, but significant differences exist in ticks' community structure in different geographical landscape and habitats.
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