荣成湾毗邻海域浮游动物群落季节分布特征

摘要

Based on the field survey data in February ,May ,August and November 2009 ,seasonal variability of zoo-plankton community characteristics in the Rongcheng Bay contiguous waters were studied .A total of 59 zooplank-ton species (pelagic larvae included) were identified in the four cruises .There were more than 30 species in the au-tumn ,summer and spring ,with 38 ,35 and 32 species respectively ,which were much more than that in winter (22 species) .Aidanosagitta crassa ,Calanus sinicus ,Paracalanus parvus and Oithona similes were the main dominant species in the study region ,and their spatial and seasonal distributions varied very much .The zooplankton biomass (wet weight) averaged 433.8 mg/m3 in winter (highest) ,220.7 mg/m3 in spring ,162.4 mg/m3 in autumn and 52.5 mg/m 3 in summer (lowest) .The diversity index H′of zooplankton community averaged 2.50 in this study , and the evenness index J′averaged 0.65 .The results showed that diversity and evenness were higher in summer and lower in spring ,suggesting that the zooplankton community in summer were more stable than that in spring . Further analysis concluded that the raft aquaculture in the coastal waters had significant impacts on the distribution of the zooplankton community in the Rongcheng Bay contiguous waters .%　　利用2009年度4个季度月的现场调查资料研究了荣成湾毗邻海域浮游动物群落的季节分布特征。研究表明，在荣成湾毗邻海域出现的浮游动物共59个种类，秋季、夏季和春季浮游动物均为30种以上（依次为38种、35种和32种），而冬季种类数相对较少（22种）。浮游动物优势种主要为强壮箭虫（Aidanosagitta crassa）、中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）、小拟哲水蚤（Paracalanus parvus）和拟长腹剑水蚤（Oithona similis）等种类，其个体丰度的空间和季节分布特征差异较大。浮游动物湿重生物量冬季最高（433.8 mg/m3），春季（220.7 mg/m3）和秋季（162.4 mg/m3）次之，而夏季（52.5 mg/m3）相对较低。浮游动物群落物种多样性指数 H′年平均值为2.50，均匀性指数 J′年平均值为0.65，季节比较上，夏季浮游动物多样性和均匀度均较高，而春季多样性和均匀性平均值为低值，且最大值和最小值之间波动范围较大。进一步分析显示，湾内的筏架养殖对浮游动物群落的分布有显著影响。