钦州湾丰水期和枯水期浮游动物群落特征

摘要

在2011年丰水期（7月）和2012年枯水期（3月），分别对钦州湾的内湾和外湾开展了浮游动物调查，研究了枯水期和丰水期钦州湾浮游动物的种类组成、数量分布和季节变化特征。丰水期和枯水期浮游动物种类数量分别为27种和44种，以优势度指数Y ＞0．02确定的优势种丰水期和枯水期分别为3种和4种。丰水期浮游动物丰度为4．0～133．6 ind／m3，平均丰度为50．9 ind／m3；枯水期浮游动物丰度为1．2～1725．0 ind／m3，平均丰度为272．2 ind／m3。丰水期浮游动物（包含鱼卵仔鱼）生物量为1．7～179．2 mg／m3，平均生物量为44．0 mg／m3；枯水期浮游动物（包含鱼卵仔鱼）生物量为3．1～3530．0 mg／m3，平均生物量为474．9 mg／m3。无论是浮游动物的种类数量、丰度和生物量，均显示出内湾低于外湾的空间分布特征，以及枯水期高于丰水期的变化特征。钦州湾浮游动物的这种季节变化和空间分布特征主要是与浮游植物生物量、贝类养殖、环境的稳定度以及人为干扰等有着密切的关系。%The characteristics of species composition,quantitative distribution and seasonal variation of zooplankton in the Qinzhou Bay were investigated in flood season in 2011(July)and dry season in 2012(March).Species quan-tity of zooplankton were 27 and 44 with dominant species(Y>0.02)of 3 and 4 in flood and dry seasons,respective-ly.The dominant species were Acartia (Odontacartia)pacifica,Pleurobrachia globosa and Lucifer intermedius in flood season,while Calanus sinicus ,Pleurobrachia globosa ,Oikopleura (Vexillaria )dioica and Centropages te-nuiremis in dry season.The abundance of zooplankton ranged from 4.01-133.64 ind/m3 with an average of 50.9 ind/m3 in flood season,while 1.2-1 725.0 ind/m3 with an average of 272.2 ind/m3 in dry season.However,bio-mass of zooplankton which included fish eggs and larvae ranged from 1.7-179.2 mg/m3 with an average of 44.0 mg/m3 in flood season,while 3.1-3 530.0 mg/m3 with an average of 474.9 mg/m3 in dry season.Qinzhou Bay was in an characterized,rapid change estuary environment,its marine system,which affected by rivers runoff,Beibu Gulf coastal waters etc.,was complex and it's community structure of zooplankton presented complex diversity. Estuarine group[such as Acartia (Odontacartia)pacifica]and warm water nearshore group(such as Tortanus forcipatus )were the main ecological groups of zooplankton community structure.Both in the species number and abundance of zooplankton,Copepoda were the predominant species.Temporal and spatial distribution of species number,abundance and biomass of zooplankton were higher in outer bay than that in inner bay,as well as higher in dry season than that in flood season.The seasonal variation and spatial distribution characteristics of zooplankton in the Qinzhou Bay mainly had a close relationship with the phytoplankton biomass,shellfish culture,stability of the environment and human disturbance.