本文在水质污染物扩散模拟的基础上结合港湾生物、水质、水团、水动力等分区特征，确定港湾监测代表单元，结合质心点计算方法，建立港湾海洋环境监测站位优化布局方法，并在象山港进行示范。结果表明：（1）象山港作为典型半封闭港湾，水交换能力较差，水团分布相对均匀，根据无机氮、活性磷酸盐水质模拟结果及港湾生态分布特征，象山港分成9个区，各区内主要水质指标及生物生态特征基本一致。（2）采用质心点计算方法，在象山港9个区及区间（分界线）共设置16个代表性站位，各站位可作为象山港落潮时无机氮、活性磷酸盐、温、盐、生物等指标的监测站位；（3）站位优化验证结果表明，优化前后2组数据之间无显著性差异，说明优化后的16个监测站位能较好地代表象山港海域的生态环境质量，其所表征的监测信息量与现有监测站位的信息量等效。%Based on the pollution diffusion simulation,and combined with the division characteristics of biology,wa-ter quality,water mass,water power,the harbor monitoring unit was determined.Then using centroid point calcu-lation to establish the setting method of harbour marine environmental monitoring stations and demonstrate in Xiangshan Bay.The results showed that:(1)The water exchange ability of Xiangshan Bay is poor as a typical semi-enclosed bay,and the distribution of water mass is relatively uniform.Based on the simulation results of inor-ganic nitrogen and phosphate,combined waith harbour ecological distribution characteristics,the Xiangshan Bay was divided into 9 regions,and the main water quality index and ecological characteristics was just the same in each re-gion.(2)Set 16 representative stations as the monitoring stations of inorganic nitrogen,phosphate,temperature, salt,biological indicators of Xiangshan Bay at ebb tide by using centroid point calculation.(3)There was no signifi-cant difference between the 2 groups of data by using the T test method which indicated that the optimized stations can represent the ecological environment quality of Xiangshan Bay.The amount of information get from the opti-mized stations was equivalent to the original one.
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