厦门近岸海域大型底栖动物摄食功能群及其与环境因子的关系

摘要

To explore the pattern of functional feeding groups of macrozoobenthos and their response to environmen-tal factors in Xiamen coastal waters,including Weitou Bay,Dadeng,Jiulong River estuary and Tongan Bay,sam-ples were collected at 60 stations in May and November 2013.A total of 411 species of macrozoobenthos were i-dentified,which belonged to 9 phyla and 160 families.The macrozoobenthos were categorized into five functional groups based on feeding types including the camivorous group(C),the planktophagous group(Pl),the detritivo-rous group(D),the omnivorous group(O)and the phytophagous group (Ph),which contained 152,102,103,48 and 6 species in the sea area,respectively.Ruditapes philippinarum and Prionospio malmgreni were the promi-nent species in Spring and Autumn respectively.The groups of C and D dominated in Weitou Bay;the groups of C and Pl dominated in Dadeng;the group of D and Pl dominated in Jiulong River estuary and Tongan Bay.The re-sults of canonical correspondence analysis indicated that water depth and water temperature were the important en-vironmental factors impacting the spatial distribution pattern of macrozoobenthos functional feeding groups,and that active phosphate,salinity,organic matter and chlorophyll a also modestly influenced the distribution of mac-rozoobenthos functional feeding groups.%根据2013年5月和11月在厦门周边海域60个取样站获得的大型底栖动物数据，运用功能群方法分析该海域大型底栖动物功能群的时空格局及其与环境因子的关系。共鉴定大型底栖动物9门160科411种，其中肉食者152种，浮游生物食者102种，碎屑食者103种，杂食者48种和植食者6种，菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum ）和丝鳃稚齿虫（Prionospio malmgreni ）分别是该海域春、秋季的主要优势种。总体而言，浮游生物食者和肉食者为该海域的主要优势功能群，但各区域的优势功能群存在一定差异，围头湾的主导功能群为肉食者和碎屑食者，大嶝海域以肉食者和浮游生物食者为主，而九龙江口和同安湾则以碎屑食者和浮游生物食者占优势。典范对应分析结果表明，水深和底温是影响该海域大型底栖动物功能群时空格局的主要因素，活性磷酸盐、底盐、有机质和叶绿素 a 等对其分布也有一定的影响。