The species composition and spatial pattern of the ichthyoplankton community and its relationship with environmental factors were analyzed using ecological diversity indices and multivariate statistical analysis.Based on the data collected from the ichthyoplankton survey,which was conducted by horizontal tows using plankton nets in the coastal waters of central and southern Yellow Sea in the spring of 2015.In total,35 species were identified for the ichthyoplankton.Among them,there were 21 fish eggs and 23 larvae and juveniles.They belonged to 8 orders, 18 families,and 34 genera.The ichthyoplankton were dominated by species Engraulis japonicas ,Platycephalus indicus ,Callionymus spp.and Larimichthys polyactis .The main ecological groups were the brackish water group,coastal group and offshore type.Cluster analysis showed that the ichthyoplankton community can be divid-ed into three station groups,including group A (mainly distributed in the Haizhou Bay)which was dominated by species of Engraulis japonicas and Callionymus spp.,group B (mainly in the coastal waters of Jiangsu Province) which was dominated by species of Pseudosciaena polyactis ,Setipinna taty and Collichthys lucidus ,group C (mainly in the coastal and offshore waters of Jiangsu Province),which was dominated by Platycephalus indicus . Among them,Engraulis japonicas and Callionymus spp.were mainly distributed in the Haizhou Bay fishing ground.The main distribution area of Platycephalus indicus was located in Lvsi fishing ground,and Pseudosciae-na polyactis was in the northern Lvsi fishing ground.The species diversity index and evenness index of group B was the highest among the three station groups.The ecotypes and thermophily of parent fishes were different in three station groups and were closely related to their habitats.The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)sug-gested that the main environmental factors affecting the spatial patterns of ichthyoplankton community in the spring were depth,salinity,sea surface temperature in the coastal waters of central and southern Yellow Sea. Meanwhile,it was also affected comprehensively by many factors such as ocean currents and bottom sediment types.The results revealed the spatial pattern of ichthyoplankton communities in the central and southern Yellow Sea,providing scientific basis and technical support for conservation measures such as scientific development of a-quatic germplasm resources protection area and the scientific management of fishery resources in the waters.%根据2015年春季在黄海中南部近岸海域进行的鱼类浮游生物大型浮游生物网水平拖网数据,采用生态多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法,研究了该海域鱼类浮游生物的种类组成和群落空间格局及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明,本次调查共采集到鱼类浮游生物35种,其中鱼卵21种,仔稚鱼23种.鱼类浮游生物隶属于8目18科34属,优势种为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、鲬(Platycephalus indicus)、鱼衔属(Callionymus spp.)和小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis).其中,鳀和鱼衔属主要分布于海州湾渔场海域,鲬主要分布于吕泗渔场海域,小黄鱼多分布于吕泗渔场北部海域.生态类型包括半咸水型、沿岸型和近海型种类.聚类分析表明,鱼类浮游生物群落可划分为以鱼衔属、鳀为优势种的站位组A(主要分布于海州湾海域)、以小黄鱼、黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等为优势种的站位组B(主要位于江苏沿岸海域)和以鲬为优势种的站位组C(主要位于江苏沿岸-近海海域),以站位组B的群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数最高.各站位组的鱼类浮游生物的生态类型和适温类型组成不同,这与其所处的海域生境有关.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,影响春季黄海中南部鱼类浮游生物群落空间结构的主要环境因子为水深和表层温度.同时也受洋流、底质类型等多种因素的综合影响.研究结果初步揭示了黄海中南部近岸海域鱼类浮游生物群落的空间格局,可为今后科学制定该海域水产种质资源保护区、资源量化管理等资源养护管理措施提供科学依据与技术支撑.
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