Actinobacteria is one of the best studied taxa of prokaryotes due to its great importance in biotechnology, medical science, ecology and etc.. Modem actinobacterial taxonomy is polyphasic taxonomy, which is based on the phylogenetic analysis of sequences of 16S rRNA genes and other conservative molecular sequences, and employs a variety of microbial information for polyphasic systematic study. Currently, with the development of large-scale sequencing, over 100actinobacterial genomes have been finished. A comprehensive, detailed and robust phylogeny of actinobacteria is thus needed for understanding how this group emerged and maintained such a vast diversity throughout evolution and how every subgroup related to each other from various habitats. "Phylogenomics" and "Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea, GEBA project" indicated that actinobacterial taxonomy stepped into the era of genomics. This review summarizes the actinobacterial taxonomic methodology of the genomic era, and results from recent studies.%由于放线菌在生物技术、医药卫生和环境治理等领域中的实际重要性,已经成为人们研究得最为深入的微生物类群之一.现代放线菌分类学是建立在对16S rRNA 基因保守分子序列的系统发育学分析基础上、综合利用多种微生物信息的多相分类学(polyphasic taxonomy).随着大规模基因测序技术的飞速发展,已经完成了超过100株放线菌的全基因组序列.近年来发展起来的"基因组系统发育学"有助让人们更加系统地理解放线菌类群的发生、演化,以及不同生境类群之间的相互关系.随着越来越多的以系统发育学为指导的基因组测序研究项目,例如"细菌和古菌基因组百科全书(Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria andArchaea,GEBA)计划"的出现,标志着放线菌系统学进入了基因组学研究时代.本文对基因组时代的放线菌系统学方法,以及国内外的相关研究成果进行综述.
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