草豆蔻、红豆蔻、宽丝豆蔻的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

摘要

By using the FTIR spectrometer on A.galanga(L.)Willd,A.katsumadae Hayata and A.Petaloideum test-ed,We analyse and compare the differences of infrared spectrum.According to the number of chemical bonds and func-tional groups to the qualitative analysis of chemical constituents of medicinal materials contained.The results showed that,three kinds of medicinal herbs contain volatile oils,diarylheptanoids,flavonoids,sugars and amino acids com-pounds.The fingerprint difference in the region 1 760 ~1 700 cm-1 ,1 600 ~1 400 cm-1 ,1 350 ~1 000 cm-1 for the sec-ond derivative infrared spectra processing,combined with the absorbance ratio method was used to calculate the relative content of A.Petaloideum and found that it contained higher amount of volatile oil and flavonoids least ammount of sug-ars,sugars.Moreover,the major active ingredient of A.Petaloideum was 1 ,8-cineole;but A.galanga(L.)Willd and A.katsumadae Hayata is the methyl cinnamate.Three kinds of medicinal plants belong to different species,showing that patterns between content and components of the main components are different.Therefore A.galanga(L.)Willd or A.katsumadae Hayata should not replace A.Petaloideum.Study on the three kinds of materials by FTIR provides a new way to analyze the Zingiberaceae quantitatively and qualitatively and gives a quality evaluation.%利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对草豆蔻、红豆蔻、宽丝豆蔻进行光谱测试，比较其图谱的差异。根据波数所对应的化学键和官能团来定性分析药材所含的化学成分。结果显示，三种豆蔻类药材均含有挥发油类、二苯庚烷类、黄酮类、糖类和氨基酸等化合物。对差异较大的指纹区1760～1700 cm-1、1600～1400 cm-1、1350～1000 cm-1进行二阶导数处理，并结合吸光度比值法求相对含量推测出，宽丝豆蔻所含的挥发油和黄酮类化合物较多，糖类成分最少，且宽丝豆蔻挥发油的主要药效成分是1，8-桉叶油素；而草豆蔻和红豆蔻中挥发油的主要药效成分是肉桂酸甲酯。三种药材属于不同种植物，图谱差异显示出其主要成分的含量和药效成分有异，因此草豆蔻或红豆蔻不宜替代宽丝豆蔻入药。利用红外光谱技术对三种豆蔻类药材的研究为姜科植物定量和定性的分析以及质量评价提供了新的途径。