常用实验动物不同组织部位肥大细胞异质性的组织学特点比较

摘要

目的：探讨并比较六种常用实验动物不同部位肥大细胞异质性的形态学特点。方法应用麻醉后处死的方法，取小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、兔、犬和猴的皮肤、肺脏、乙状结肠和脾脏组织，经4％中性缓冲甲醛溶液或Bouin’ s液固定后，制作常规组织切片，分别作HE、甲苯胺蓝、阿尔新蓝－藏红和P物质免疫组织化学染色，镜下观察并应用彩色病理图像分析软件进行形态学分析；另取皮肤组织固定于磷酸缓冲戊二醛溶液，制作常规超薄切片，透射电镜下观察肥大细胞超微结构。结果六种动物不同组织中肥大细胞各有其分布特点，且在形态大小、异染性及染色特性等方面表现各异，肥大细胞密度和形态学参数差异有显著性（ P＜0．05）；豚鼠、犬和猴皮肤肥大细胞颗粒具有特殊亚微结构；小鼠皮肤组织内可见P物质免疫阳性肥大细胞和神经纤维，犬脾脏内可见P物质免疫阳性肥大细胞。结论在六种实验动物的同一组织中以及同一种动物不同组织中，肥大细胞具有明显的异质性，此异质性对采用实验动物开展与肥大细胞功能相关的动物实验研究具有重要参考价值。%Objective To compare and explore the morphological characteristics of mast cells in different tissues of 6 types of common laboratory animals.Methods Ten healthy adult SPF Kunming mice, 10 SD rats, 10 Hartley guinea pigs, 10 New Zealand rabbits, 6 beagle dogs and 6 Macaca mulata ( male:female=1:1, for all) were used in this study. The animals were sacrificed by euthanasia, samples of the skin, lung, spleen and sigmoid colon were taken from mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, dog and monkey, and fixed in formalin and Bouin’ s solution.Paraffin sections were stained with toluidine blue and Alcian blue-safranin O, respectively.The mouse skin and dog spleen were immunohistochemically stained for substance P.A color pathological image analysis system was used to conduct the analysis of morphometric pa-rameters of mast cells.Samples of the skin of these animals were also fixed in glutaraldehyde for the electron microscopic observation and comparison of the mast cells.Results Mast cells in different types of animals were distinctive in distribu-tion, morphology, size, metachromasia and staining properties.Density and morphometric parameters of the mast cells had significant differences among the 6 types of animals ( P<0.05 ) .Characteristic granules were contained in the skin mast cells of guinea pig, dog and monkey.Mast cells in the mouse skin, dog spleen and nerves in the mouse skin showed immu-noreactive substance P.Conclusions Mast cells in the 6 types of laboratory animals showed histochemical and morphologi-cal heterogeneity, which have important reference values in animal experimental research on mast cell function.