珠三角高产养殖池塘浮游动物群落结构及水质评价

摘要

为进一步了解珠三角高产池塘养殖环境状况,分析珠三角高产池塘浮游动物群落特征及与池塘水质的相关性,研究于2016年7—8月对珠三角地区6种主要高产养殖模式30口池塘的浮游动物和环境因子进行了调查.研究结果表明:(1)共采集浮游动物55种,其中原生动物17种、轮虫29种、枝角类4种、桡足类5种.6种养殖模式池塘中,大口黑鲈S池塘浮游动物种类数最多,为34种;草鱼池塘最少,为18种.(2)30口池塘共记录优势种8种,其中原生动物和轮虫各4种,枝角类和桡足类均不占优势.在6种养殖模式池塘中,优势种也仅包括原生动物和轮虫,优势种种类数变化范围为5—8种.(3)30口池塘浮游动物平均密度和生物量均较高,分别为21354 ind./L和9.36 mg/L.方差分析结果表明6种养殖模式池塘浮游动物密度和生物量均不存在显著差异.(4)RDA分析结果表明,TP和pH是影响珠三角池塘浮游动物分布的主要因素.采用浮游动物丰度和生物量对水质的评价结果显示,6种养殖模式池塘均处于富营养化状态;运用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef多样性指数对水质的评价结果表明,6种模式养殖池塘均处于α-中污状态,且以草鱼池塘的污染最为严重.本研究首次利用浮游动物对珠三角高产池塘进行水质评价,研究结果可为池塘生态修复和管理提供一定的指导意见.%To understand the community characteristics of zooplankton and further assess the water quality in aquacul-ture ponds, a field survey of zooplankton and environmental parameters was conducted in 30 ponds with six aquacul-ture models from July to August 2016. The results showed that: (1) a total of 55 species were identified, which in-cluded 17 Protozoa, 29 Rotifera, 4 Cladocera, and 5 Copepoda. Among the six model ponds, the most species were found in largemouth bass ponds fed by feedstuff (34 species), while the fewest species were present in grass carp ponds (18 species); (2) eight dominant species were recorded in 30 ponds, including 4 Protozoa and 4 Rotifera. The dominant species in the six model ponds was also composed of Protozoa and Rotifera, and there were between 5 and 8 species;(3) the average density and biomass of zooplankton in 30 ponds were 21354 ind./L and 9.36 mg/L, respectively. However, variance analyses showed that the density and biomass of zooplankton among the six model ponds were not significantly different; and (4) RDA analysis indicated that total phosphorus (TP) and pH were the main factors influen-cing the distribution of zooplankton in the Pearl River Delta. Water quality results showed that all of the six model ponds were in the state of eutrophication, using richness and biomass of zooplankton, and α-mesosaprobic, using the Shannon-Wiener index and the Margalef index. This study is the first assessment of aquaculture ponds using zooplank-ton in Pearl River Delta, and the results provide guidance for the ecological restoration and management of aquaculture ponds.