我国南方发育分布了约80万km2的碳酸盐岩地层、3620个岩溶地下水系统,赋存了1806×108 m3/a岩溶水资源,为南方69个城市约5000万城市居民及8000多万农村人口提供了供水水源.但是岩溶水受到了程度不同的污染,而农业面污染源对岩溶水所产生的污染已经远远超过非面源污染,威胁着岩溶地区供水安全.岩溶地下水污染风险评估研究意义重大.作者在全面系统地分析了南方岩溶水特点、污染类型及污染途径等的基础上,结合已有的实验研究结果总结了岩溶地下水污染的防护能力,提出了污染风险识别、污染概率估算、污染风险评价与防控的理论方法,并以贵阳为例,对岩溶地下水面源污染风险进行了评价,针对岩溶地下水面源污染特点提出了防控对策.%There are about 800000 km2 carbonate formation, 3620 karst groundwater systems and 1806×108 m3/a karst water resources in southern China, which supply water for about 50 million urban residents and more than 8000 rural people in 69 cities of southern China. However, karst water has been polluted in different degrees, and the agricultural areal source pollution is far more serious than the non-areal source pollution for karst water, which will threaten the water supply security in karst areas. Therefore, the risk assessment study of karst groundwater pollution is of great significance. Based on comprehensive and systematic analysis of the characteristics, the pollution types and pollution ways of southern China's karst water, and consulting the existing experimental results, the authors summarized the protective capability against pollution of karst ground water, and proposed the methods for pollution risk identification, the pollution probability estimation, the pollution risk assessment and control. With Guiyang as an example, the authors evaluated the karst groundwater areal source pollution risk, and put forward prevention and control countermeasures according to the characteristics of the karst groundwater areal source pollution.
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