我国离子吸附型稀土矿产科学研究和调查评价新进展

摘要

Ion-adsorption REE deposits, which are widely distributed in southern China, are important because they supply valuable heavy REEs for global consumption. Like most other minerals, China's rare earth industry has experienced its ups and downs since 2011. However, a remarkable progress has been achieved in the survey and study of ion-adsorption REE deposits. Firstly, in the aspect of metallogenic theories, Chinese researchers have recognized that the deposits have multi-subtypes (e.g., ion-adsorption La deposit, ion-adsorption Eu deposit, ion-adsorption Dy deposit), metallogenic parent rocks (e.g., granitic rocks, pyroclastic rocks, and metamorphic rock), geological age of metallogenic parent rocks, stratigraphic horizon, metallogenic model, prospecting marks (e.g.,chemical index of alteration, loss on ignition), mineralization mechanism (e.g., magmatic crystallization, hydrothermal alteration), intrusive body, geological occurrence (intrusive or extrusive rocks). The deposits can also be discovered in high latitude or high altitude areas. Secondly, the exploration depths of weathering crust have greatly increased by using the Gannan drill, and REEs potential resources will be doubled. Remote sensing technique has been used for quick, accurate, dynamic investigation and prospecting of ion-absorbed REE deposits. The environmental effects of REEs mining have been comprehensively evaluated based on the continuous hydrochemical survey, and a new technology of controlling environmental pollution is provided. Finally, a number of prospecting targets and prospecting areas were delineated, and a number of medium and large-sized mineral areas were verified, and a breakthrough of prospecting in the Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan and Jiangxi provinces was achieved.%自2011年以来,我国稀土产业跟其他矿种产业类似也经历了大起大落的变化,但离子吸附型稀土矿无论是调查评价还是科学研究都取得了显著进展,理论创新和调查评价方面提出了"8多2高1深"的新认识,即:多类型、多岩性、多时代、多层位、多模式、多标志、多因继承、多相复合、高纬度、高海拔、深勘探;技术上,推广采用了赣南钻,加大了风化壳的勘查深度从而成倍增加了资源潜力,全方位采用了遥感方法,进一步提高了矿政管理的公信度并提供了新的找矿方法,持续采用水化学方法跟踪调查、综合评价了稀土矿山开采的环境效应并为环境治理提供了新的技术手段;实践中,发现了多处稀土靶区和远景区,查证多处大中型矿产地,并在浙江、福建、云南、江西等地实现了"高海拔、高纬度、大深度"的找矿新突破.