海南山蛭对土壤湿度和气温的适应

摘要

Haemadipsa hainana is exposed to a soil humidity gradient in the laboratory. The result show that the soil water content of H. hainana habit is ranging from 15.1% to 16.77%.The field investigation in the rubber plantation show that its suitable habit is with soil water content from 16.54% to 17.66%.In the tropical rainforest its habit soil water content is ranging from 19.2% to 25.75%. Observation in door shows that non of H.hainana is active at temperature 8℃ to 9℃, leech begin to active at 10℃，all leech are active at 15℃, active number increases with increasing temperature within the observed temperature rang 79.15% of leech crawls towards 30℃ to 35℃.Adaptation of leech to temperature and soil humidity is discussed.%在室内以土壤湿度梯度作为海南山蛭Haemadipsa hainana的栖息试验表明，海南山蛭栖息于含水量为15.1%～16.77%水分的土壤表面；野外调查表明, 海南岛橡胶林内海南山蛭栖息于16.54%～17.66%含水量的土壤表面；热带雨林者栖息于19.92%～25.73%含水量的土壤。室内试验表明，海南山蛭爬向30～35℃温度范围，占试验蛭数79.15%；在8～9℃不活动，10℃开始有山蛭活动，随温度升高活动蛭数增加，而15℃试验蛭全部活动, 活动蛭数与温度关系为Y=18.6X - 172.3, R=0.976, P=0.01 。在橡胶林内8～9℃山蛭不活动；10℃开始有山蛭活动，且随温度升高活动蛭数增加，当17℃时所有山蛭活动，活动蛭数与温度关系Y=4.73X -3.97, R=0.93, P=0.1。首次使用土壤湿度梯度测定山蛭对土壤湿度的要求，这是一个新的有普遍意义的方法。并讨论了海南山蛭对土壤湿度气温的适应。