蔬菜残株堆肥及微生物菌剂对设施辣椒栽培土壤的改良作用

摘要

以'中椒6号'辣椒为材料,采用盆栽方法,测定了蔬菜残株堆肥及微生物菌剂施用下辣椒栽培土壤理化性质、酶活性及辣椒叶片矿质元素含量、产量等指标.结果表明,与对照(未施用蔬菜残株堆肥、微生物菌剂)相比,单一施用蔬菜残株堆肥和微生物菌剂均能降低土壤容重,增加孔隙度,提高转化酶、磷酸酶活性及辣椒叶片钾、镁含量和产量,且蔬菜残株堆肥的作用效果优于微生物菌剂处理,并随堆肥用量的增加作用效果逐渐增强.蔬菜残株堆肥和微生物菌剂共同施用条件下,两者质量比例较低(分别为60和0.07 g/kg)时对上述指标的影响具有明显的协同作用,两者质量比例较高(分别为120和0.07 g/kg)时的协同作用不明显.研究发现,蔬菜残株堆肥和微生物菌剂可有效改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤酶活性,促进辣椒叶片矿质元素的吸收积累,从而提高辣椒产量,且施用的蔬菜残株堆肥与微生物菌剂质量比例较低时,两者具有明显的协同作用.%A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of vegetable residue compost and microbial agents on the physical and chemical characters, enzyme activities of soil and mineral element contents, yield of pepper.Only vegetable residue compost or microbial agents decreased bulk density,increased porosity,invertase and phosphatase activities, potassium and magnisium contents and yield of pepper.Improving effect of vegetable residue compost was larger than that of microbial agents.The more vegetable residue compost was applied,the better improving effect.Vegetable residue compost (60 g/kg) and microbial agents, (0.07 g/kg) had distinctly synergistic effect on improving soil when they were applied together.It was proposed that vegetable residue compost and microbial agents increased yield of pepper by amending physical and chemical characters of soil, increasing enzyme activities and promoting pepper plant to take up mineral elements from soil and had teamwork effect with lower mass ratio.