稀土元素富集对白云鄂博矿区8种常见藓类植物生长及其解剖结构特征的影响

摘要

以白云鄂博稀土矿区不同生境下常见的8种藓类(缨齿藓、尖叶对齿藓、真藓、短叶对齿藓、中华赤藓、黑对齿藓、闭蒴盐土藓、卷叶墙藓)为实验材料,以内蒙古贺兰山、桑根达来的同种植物标本为对照材料,利用体式显微镜和光学显微镜,对苔藓植物体的分枝状况和茎叶的解剖结构特征进行观察比较,探讨稀土元素对苔藓植物生长的影响.结果表明:(1)两地8种藓类植物在株高、茎宽、叶长和叶宽4个指标方面几乎都存在显著差异,而叶的长宽比和叶细胞(上部、中部、基部)长宽比差异不显著.(2)白云鄂博3个不同矿区的3种藓类植物在叶长和叶宽方面都是西矿>主矿>东矿,且西矿与东矿间差异显著;3个不同矿区植物的茎宽没有规律.(3)稀土元素含量是影响不同矿区苔藓植物生长的主要因素,并可能通过叶片影响植物体的生长.%Selecting different habitats eight mosses as the experimental materials in Baiyun Obo rare earth mine,respectively Jaffueliobryumwrightii (Sull.)Ther.,Didymodonconstrictus (Broth.)Saito,Bry-umargenteum Hedw,Didymodon tectorum (C.Muell.)Saito,Syntrichia sinensis (C.Müll.)Ochyra, Didymodonnigrescens(Mitt.)Saito,Pterygoneurum kozlovii Lazarenko and Tortula atrovirens (Smith) Lindb.With the same species from Helan Mountain and Sanggendalai as control,we compared the plant branching and stem-leaf morphological and anatomical characteristics with the microscopics to explore the effect of rare earth elements on the growths of bryophytes.The results showed that:(1 )the differences between two regions were significant in four index:plant height,stem width,leaf length and leaf width. But non-significant in leaf length-width ratio and leaf cell length-width ratio.(2)Three mine area mosses in leaf length and leaf width indicated same results:West mine>Main mine>East mine,the difference was significant between West mine and East mine;and the stem width irregular in three mine areas.(3) The main factor to the mosses growth was the rare earth element contents and influenced mainly through the leaf.