数量性状的遗传剖析和分子剖析

摘要

生物的大多数重要性状都是数量性状，遗传基础复杂，遗传研究非常困难。近20年来，由于分子生物技术飞速发展，特别是分子标记技术和大片段DNA克隆和分析技术的出现，使遗传学开始向阐明人类和一些模式动植物整个基因组的宏伟目标进军，也使得数量性状的遗传剖析(即系统地对各个数量性状基因或QTL的遗传定位和效应分析)和分子剖析(即对QTL的克隆分离)成为可能，并在短短的10余年内取得了重大的进展。该领域的研究将使我们能精确地分析QTL的效应，可靠地对QTL进行标记辅助选择以及实现对数量性状的基因工程，从而使现代分子生物技术在动植物遗传改良和人类遗传病治疗方面发挥更大的作用。本文综述了近年来在数量性状遗传剖析和分子剖析的方法方面的研究进展。%Most of the important characters in living beings are quantitative traits，which have complicated genetic basis and are very difficult for genetic research．Due to the rapid progress of molecular biological technology in the last two decades，especially dne to the advent of molecularmarker techniques and the techniques for the analysis and clonning of large DNA fragments，genetics has begun to march towards the great goal of elncidating the whole genomes of human and some model animals and plants，and the genetic and molecular dissection of quantitative traits(mapping and cloning of individual quantitative trait loci orQTL)has therefore becomepossible，and great progress has been achieved since late 1980's．Studies in this will enable us to perfirm precise analysis of QTL's effects and reliable marker-assisted selection of QTL and to realize genetic engineering of quantitative traits so as to make modern molecular biotechnologyplay even greater role in the genetic improvement of animals and plants d in the terapy of human's genetic diseases．In this paper，recent progress in methodologies for the genetic and molecular dissection of quantitative traits is reviswed．