小麦花后高温对籽粒胚乳细胞发育及粒重的影响

摘要

The pot experiment was carried out from 1993 to 1995 in Yangzhou to study the influence of high temperature after anthesis on endosperm cell development and grain growth in wheat(T．aestivum L．CV．Yangmai 5 and PH85-4)．The main results were as follows．The dffect of high temperature after anthesis on grain weight was：treatment 20th～22nd day〉12th～14th day〉5th～7th day〉lst一3rd day>28th一30th day>CK．The endosperm cellprioliferation rate was increased during a short period after high temperature，but the proliferationduration was signficantly shortened，which resulted in the decrease of the maximum endospermcell aumber and the decline of grain weight The high temperature in spike or leaf parts couldsignificantly affect grain weight and spikes was more sensitive to high temperature than leaves．The order of grain endosperm cell number and weight in different positions was not changedunder high temperature treatment，but the difference was enlarged．%试验探讨了花后高温对小麦籽粒胚乳细胞发育及粒重的影响，结果表明：花后高温时间对籽粒发育及粒重影响表现为：20～22天〉12～14天〉5～7天〉1～3天28〉30天〉对照。高温短时间内提高籽粒胚乳细胞分裂速率，但由于胚乳细胞分裂时间明显缩短，而减少最终胚乳细胞数，显著降低粒重。局部高温处理对籽粒重有显著影响，穗部对高温的敏感性要大于叶部。高温并不改变同一小穗不同粒位间胚乳细胞数和粒重的分布，但扩大粒重间的差异。