不同玉米品种对玉米蚜的抗性及其与瓢虫的联合控害作用

摘要

调查了26个玉米品种（系）在云南昭通地区的玉米蚜及其捕食型天敌瓢虫的发生情况，采用蚜量比值法比较了玉米品种在田间对玉米蚜的抗性，并分析了不同玉米品种的抗蚜性与益害比（瓢虫／玉米蚜）的关系。结果表明：在田间自然感蚜条件下，高抗品种有9个，分别为路单15号、胜玉6号、云瑞62、靖单11号、云瑞339、云瑞407、云瑞668、云瑞89、云瑞7号；抗性品种6个，分别为云瑞392、云瑞222、临玉9号、云瑞999、云瑞10号、云瑞505；中抗品种1个，为珍禾99；感蚜品种4个，分别为云瑞666、足单808、宣黄单5号、临玉8号；高感品种6个，分别为临玉10号（白粒）、大天一号、海玉92、宣黄单2号、云瑞108、师单4号。不同玉米品种的抗蚜性与益害比有显著的正相关性，益害比与蚜量比值呈幂函数关系，说明玉米的抗蚜性与瓢虫对玉米蚜有明显的联合控制作用。%The dynamics of corn aphid ( Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) and predator ladybirds in 26 corn varieties (lines) were systematically investigated in Zhaotong , Yunnan Province, to compare their resistance to aphid among varieties in corn field by using the methods of aphid number ratio , and to study the relationship between resistance and the population ratio of ladybirds to aphid in different corn varieties .The results indicated that there were 9 highly resistant varieties (Ludan 15, Shengyu 6, Yunrui 62, Jingdan 11, Yunrui 339, Yunrui 407, Yunrui 668, Yunrui 89, Yunrui 7), 6 resistant varieties (Yunrui 392, Yunrui 222, Linyu 9, Yunrui 999, Yunrui 10, Yunrui 505), 1 moderately resistant varieties (Zhenhe 99), 4 susceptible varieties (Yunrui 666, Zudan 808, Xuanhuangdan 5, Linyu 8), and 6 highly susceptible varieties [Linyu 10 (white), Datian 1, Haiyu 92, Xuanhuangdan 2, Yunrui 108, Shidan 4].Among the above 26 varieties, the variety with high resistance tended to have high ratio of ladybirds to corn aphid, and a power function was regressed between the ratio value of aphid and the ratio value of ratio of lady -birds to corn aphid , implying an association of resistance of corn with predator ladybirds in controlling aphid popula -tion in field.