甜瓜果实主要品质性状的配合力及遗传力分析

摘要

甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)是世界上主要的水果之一,通过育种手段培育高品质的甜瓜品种,是现阶段甜瓜育种工作者的主要目标.为提高甜瓜优势组合的选配效率,试验采用8份亲本,按照Griffing双列杂交配成28份杂交组合,对果实主要品质性状的配合力及遗传力进行研究.结果表明:除果实横径外,供试亲本的果实质量、果实种腔直径、果实纵径、果肉厚度和果肉中心、边缘糖度均达到极显著差异;亲本A1、A3和A4的果实质量、种腔直径、果实纵径和果肉厚度的一般配合力较高;亲本A2、B1、B2、B3和B4果肉中心和边缘糖度的一般配合力较高;在选育优良品质性状综合表现中,组合A1×A2、A1×B3、A3×B2、A3×B3各个品质性状的特殊配合力均较高,是较好的选育品种.本结果可为甜瓜杂交育种的亲本选择和选配提供可靠依据.%Melon is one of the main fruits of the world, and the main objective for melon breeders is to breed new varieties with high quality.To improve the efficiency of melon hybrid combinations, the combining ability and heritability for mainly characters of melon fruit were analyzed by 28 cross combinations which were made with 8 melon inbred lines by the method of Griffing (IV).Except for vertical diameter of fruit, the other six characters of melon fruit including diameter of fruit heart chamber, horizontal diameter of fruit, vertical diameter of fruit, flesh thickness, soluble sugar at center and edge were significantly different between the inbred lines.And A1, A3 and A4 showed the high general combining ability (GCA) effect value in fruit weight, diameter of fruit heart chamber, horizontal diameter of fruit and flesh thickness, while A2, B1, B2, B3 and B4 showed the high GCA effect value in fruit sugar at flesh center and edge.A1×A2, A1×B3, A3×B2 and A3×B3 were the excellent hybrid combinations with high special combining ability (SCA).Our results provided reliable basis for selecting proper parental lines in cross breeding of melon.