长江流域两系杂交早稻审定和推广现状及对浙江省的启示

摘要

To investigate the rules and present situation on the development of first -cropping two-line hybrid rice in Yangtze River Area,the data of cultivar registration and promotion area during 1998-2015 were collected and ana-lyzed.The results showed that:1)the first-cropping two-line hybrid rice was getting more and more important due to its increasing planting area in the Yangtze River Region.Up to the end of 2015,a total of 139 first-cropping two-line hybrid rice combinations had been registered.Among them,26 combinations were registered by the National Crop Variety Examination and Approving Committee,and 5 combinations were titled"Super Rice".2)According to the Ministry of Agriculture statistics,during 1998 to 2015,there were 76 first-cropping two-line hybrid rice combinations which had promotion area equal to or more than 6 700 hm2,with an accumulative promotion area of 7 531 000 hm2. Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi were the main first-cropping two-line hybrid rice growing provinces,with an accumulative promotion area of 6 974 000 hm2,accounting for 92.6%of the total promotion area.3)The seeds companies played the most important role in the breeding and promotion of first-cropping two-line hybrid rice,the cultivars from which had an accumulative promotion area accounting for 41.6% of the total promotion area.The breeding organizations from Hunan Province made the greatest contribution,whose cultivars were widely popularized in Hunan,Jiangxi and Hubei,with an accumulative promotion area of 5 887 000 hm2.Present thesis introduced the stat quo of cultivar reg-istration and extension of two-line early hybrid rice in Yangtze region,analyzed the contribution of the major sterile lines and their genealogical links,and finally proposed the disadvantages and countermeasures for the development of frist-cropping two-line hybrid rice in Zhejiang Province.%长江流域两系杂交早稻发展迅速,截至2015年底,共有139个组合通过省级或者国家新品种审定,其中,通过国家新品种审定的26个,被农业部冠名"超级稻"的品种5个.根据农业部全国农作物主要品种推广情况统计,1998—2015年共有76个两系早稻组合推广面积达到或超过0.67万hm2,累计推广753.1万hm2,其中湖南、湖北、江西3个省份累计推广697.4万hm2,占总面积的92.6%.种业公司是两系杂交早稻选育和推广最重要的力量,育成组合推广面积占总面积的41.6%,湖南省育种单位贡献最大,育成组合在湖南、江西、湖北等多个省份累计推广面积达588.7万hm2.介绍长江流域两系杂交早稻审定和推广的现状,分析主要不育系贡献率及系谱关系,提出浙江省发展两系杂交早稻的优势和对策.