野生红三叶种群表型性状变异研究

摘要

通过变异系数、主成分分析和聚类分析对来自湖北地区25个野生红三叶居群进行表型多样性分析.结果表明:表型性状在野生红三叶居群内具有较大程度的变异,其中单株分枝数(33.33％)和单株花序数量(32.25％)变异系数较大；各性状在居群间也具有显著差异性(P＜0.01).主成分分析说明:株高、叶片大小、种子千粒重、总叶柄长度及单个花序小花数是引起红三叶表型性状变异的主要因子；聚类分析表明:25个居群分为3类,第一类包括1个居群,其特点是植株低,单株花序数和单个花序小花数较其他两个类群多,理论种子产量高；第二类包括6个居群,其特点是植株低矮,分枝少；第三类包括18个居群,其特点是植株高大、叶片大,理论牧草产量高.%Based on the variation coefficient, principal component and cluster analysis, 25 populations of wild red clover ( Trifolium pratense L. ) from different regions in Hubei Province were evaluated by their phe-notypic diversities. The results showed that the variance of phenotypic characters occurred widely within wild red clover population. The properties of shoot numbers and inflorescence numbers per plant had a relatively high level of variance and the coefficients of variation were 33. 33% and 32. 25% , respectively. Meanwhile, the phenotypic characters of red clover were significantly different among populations ( P < 0. 01 ) . The traits such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, 1 000-seed weight, petiole length and inflorescence numbers per plant were the major factors leading to variation of phenotypic characters. The 25 populations were classified into 3 groups based on Euclidean distance by cluster analysis. The first cluster was composed of one population with the lowest plant height but the highest potential yield of seed within the 3 clusters. The second group contained 6 populations with lower plant height and fewer shoot numbers. And the third group consisted of 18 populations with the highest plant height, bigger leaf and higher potential grass yield.