成都平原不同秸秆还田量对土壤水分及机播油菜生长的影响

摘要

To study the effects of different straw returning amounts on soil water and the growth of mecha⁃nized sowing rapeseed in Chengdu plain and provide a theoretic basis for mechanical rapeseed production.Tak⁃ing Chuanyou 36 as the materials,a field experiment with three treatments including non⁃straw returning( CK) , half straw returning and full straw returning was designed,and the moisture content of soil,the emergence qual⁃ity,the agronomic characters and yield of mechanized sowing rapeseed were measured and analyzed.The results showed that,compared with CK, the moisture content in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layer increased by 0.70%-4.15% and 0.13%-3.04% respectively during the rapeseed growing season.Both the emergence rate and the seedling uniformity of mechanized sowing rapeseed decreased with the increasing amount of straw retur⁃ning.The number of effective branches and effective pods increased significantly after returning straw to the field,compared with that of CK and half straw returning,the number of effective branches increased by 19.45%and 9.12% in the treatment of full straw returning, the number of effective pods increased by 36. 74% and 18.08% respectively.Straw returning treatments were in favor of increasing rapeseed yield,while the yield of half straw returning and full straw returning increased by 10.70%and 6.13%compared with that of CK respec⁃tively,the seed oil content increased with the increasing amount of straw returning,the oil production of half straw returning increased by 13.92% and 1.12% over that of CK and full straw returning respectively.The opti⁃um amount of straw returning was half straw returning in Chengdu plain.%研究成都平原不同秸秆还田量对土壤水分、机播油菜出苗及其生长的影响。采用大田试验，以“川油36”为供试品种，设置水稻秸秆不还田、半量还田和全量还田3个处理，分析比较不同秸秆还田量条件下土壤含水率、机播油菜出苗率、机播油菜农艺性状及产量。结果表明，与秸秆不还田相比，油菜全生育期内，0～10 cm耕层土壤含水率增加0．70％～4．15％，10～20 cm耕层土壤含水率增加0．13％～3．04％。机播油菜出苗率及出苗均匀度均降低，且随秸秆还田量的增加而逐渐降低；秸秆还田能显著提高植株有效分枝总数和有效角果总数，全量还田条件下，有效分枝总数分别较对照和半量还田显著增加19．45％和9．12％，有效角果总数分别较对照和半量还田显著增加36．74％和18．08％。秸秆半量和全量还田条件下油菜产量分别较不还田增产10．70％和6．13％，油菜籽含油率随还田量的增加而增加，半量还田条件下产油量分别较对照和全量还田高13．92％和1．12％。成都平原机播油菜前茬水稻秸秆还田条件下以半量还田为宜。