层状土壤水分入渗与溶质运移研究进展

摘要

层状土壤质地和孔隙状况的不均匀性使得水力特性在土层界面处发生突变,因而其土壤水分运动和溶质运移明显不同于均质土壤.论文对层状土壤水分入渗和溶质运移过程和模型模拟的研究现状进行了归纳总结.在此基础上,提出了层状土水分和溶质运移研究今后研究急需解决的科学问题,主要包括土壤层状结构的定量化及其对土壤水分和溶质运移的影响机理、建立考虑土层界面边界条件影响的水分和溶质运移定量模型.此外,层状土指流形成机制及其环境效应将是未来研究的重点.在气候变化背景下,开展层状土壤结构对坡地土壤水文过程影响及其调控对策研究,将是土壤水文领域长期面临的科学问题之一.%Heterogeneity of texture and pore of layered soil changes hydraulic characteristics at the inter-face of soil layer,and thus the soil water movement and solute transport differ significantly from that in homoge-neous soil.In this paper,the research status of layered soil water infiltration and solute transport process and model simulation are reviewed.On the basis of this,the focus of future research and the urgent need to solve the problem in water and solute transport in layered soil is put forward.It mainly includes the quantification of soil layer structure and its influence on soil water and solute transport mechanism and the establishment of a quan-titative model of soil moisture and solute transport. In addition,finger flow forming mechanism in layered soil and its environmental effects will be the focus of future research. With the soil and water loss and seasonal drought,carrying out the research on the effects of layered soil structure on hydrological process and its regula-tion is of importance to water sciences and water resource in the region.