中国地方猪种利用现状与展望

摘要

China has rich pig genetic resources and possesses about one third pig breeds over the world.Since the introduction of Duroc,Landrace,Large White and other commercial breeds into China,Chinese indigenous pig breeds have lost their markets quickly.To confront with the challenge of the introduced breeds,various utilizing manners for Chinese indigenous breeds have been tried.Besides intercrossing with the introduced breeds to produce high quality pork,Chinese indigenous breeds have also been used to develop new breeds and synthetic lines,and some new breeds and synthetic lines have been developed.Furthermore,a few indigenous breeds have been selected as model pigs for human medical research.Chinese indigenous pigs can produce high quality pork,and poor meat quality is a defect of the introduced commercial breeds.With people's living standard improving,their demands for high quality pork are increasing,so Chinese indigenous breeds meet a very good opportunity to occupy more market.Producing high quality pork by means of developing new breeds or intercrossing with commercial breeds is a new way out for the development of Chinese indigenous breeds.%中国拥有丰富的猪种质资源,约占全球现有猪种资源的1/3.随着杜长大等快大型猪种的引入,中国地方猪种的市场占有率急剧下降.为了应对外来猪种的冲击,地方猪种的利用也作了多方面的尝试,取得了丰硕的成果.地方猪种除与外来品种直接杂交利用外,还用于新品种和配套系培育,并培育出一批新品种和配套系,有的地方猪种甚至培育成医学研究的模型猪.中国地方猪种肉质好,这是快大型猪种无法比拟的.随着人们生活水平不断提高,优质猪肉的市场份额会越来越大,中国地方猪种也将迎来非常有利的发展契机.利用地方猪种肉质好的特点,通过新品种和配套系培育、杂交利用等方式开发适合市场需求的优质猪肉产品是我国地方猪种开发利用的主要出路.