稻草基质育秧不同有机肥处理对水稻秧苗生长的影响

摘要

为探讨稻草基质育秧不同有机肥培氮量处理对水稻秧苗生长的影响,选用鸡粪有机肥(JF)、猪粪有机肥(ZF)和垃圾有机肥(LJ),各为100 L基质17,45,75 g培氮量进行育秧试验.结果表明,随着基质培氮量的增加,水稻秧苗生长加快、根系发根力增强、秧苗素质向好,3种有机肥处理表现一致.秧苗的苗高、出叶、假茎宽、干物质量、氮含量、叶绿素含量等均随着基质培氮量的增加而提高;碳水化合物总量随着基质培氮量的增加而降低.3种有机肥育秧苗效果各有特点.垃圾有机肥处理秧苗地上部生长最好,株高和叶龄最大,地上部干质量最大;猪粪有机肥处理秧苗根长、根质量最优、单株干质量最大;鸡粪有机肥处理根系氧化力高、植株碳水化合物含量高.秧苗发根力与根系氧化力显著相关,相关系数为0.8250.从秧苗综合素质看来,垃圾有机肥和猪粪有机肥的育秧效果优于鸡粪有机肥.有机肥培肥的基质育秧效果优于或等同于化学复合肥.100 L稻草基质的有机肥培氮量不低于75 g.%In order to study the effects of different organic manures and different nitrogen treatments on the growth of rice seedlings raised in straw substrates,chicken manure organic fertilizer(JF),swine manure organic fertilizer(ZF)and waste organic fertilizer(LJ)were selected,3 fertilizing nitrogen amounts of 17,45,75 g of organic fertilizer were applied in 100 L straw substrates in the test.The results showed that the growth of rice seedlings was accelerated,the root growth ability was enhanced,the seedling quality was improved with the increase of nitrogen content in substrate culture,the performances of the 3 treatments of organic fertilizers were consistent.The seedling height,leaf emergence,false stem width,dry matter weight,plant content,nitrogen con-tent and chlorophyll content of the seedlings increased with the increase of nitrogen content in the substrate and the total carbohydrate content decreased with the increase of substrate nitrogen content.fhe effects of the 3 treatments of organic fertilizers had their own characteristics.The upper part of the seedlings in the treatments oF waste organic fertilizer grew the best,the plant height and leaf were of the maximum,the dry weight of the overground parts was the heaviest;the treatment of swine manure organic fertilizer had the best effect on the root length and root weight of the seedlings,and the dry weight of per plant was oF the maximum;the root oxida-tive capacity of the seedlings was the highest and the carbohydrate content was the highest in the chicken ma-nure organic treatment.The rooting ability of the seedlings was signiFicantly correlated with the oxidation ability of the root system,and the correlation coefficient was 0.825 0.In view of the comprehensive quality of the seed-lings,the effects of waste organic fertilizer and swine manureorganic fertilizerare were better than that of chick-en manure organic fertilizer.The effect of organic fertilizer was better than the chemical compound fertilizer on the growth of the seedlings raised in straw substrates.The fertilizing nitrogen amount of organic fertilizer should not be less than 75 g in 100 L straw substrate.