沪郊耕地利用集约度的思考

摘要

According to the utilization of cultivated land in Shanghai,the evolution law and characteristics of cultivated land use intensity from 2007 to 2011 in Shanghai,and structure characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land use intensity in 2011 in Shanghai suburbs(county),were analyzed in term of five input factors as agricultural workers,total power of agricultural machinery,the usage of fertilizers,pesticides,and plastic films.The results showed that the overall land use intensive degree in Shanghai from 2007 to 2011 shows slight fluctuation and the overall level is higher,basically more than 1 .3 ×10 1 6 sej/hm2 .The labor intensive degree shows downward trend,labor input proportion also shows a trend of decline year by year.From 2007 to 2011 ,the growth of agricultural machinery intensive degree is 12%,and its proportion is comfortably in the first place,showing a trend of rising year by year.Chemical fertilizers,pesticides, plastic sheeting,accounting for a relatively small proportion,all shows a trend of increase after the first drop,fertilizer intensive degree and pesticide intensive degree increase after the first drop.In 2011 ,cultivated land use intensity of Shanghai suburbs(county)are markedly different,cultivated land use intensity of Baoshan district and Chongming county is 2 times more than that of Minhang district. From the point of view of spatial distribution,cultivated land use intensity of northern suburban district(county)in Shanghai is much higher than that of southern suburbs in Shanghai.The results provide decision-making support for raising the level of intensive utilization of cultivated land in Shanghai.%根据上海耕地利用情况，选用耕地利用的五个投入要素[农业从业人员、农业机械总动力、化肥使用量（折纯量）、农药使用量、地膜使用量]分析了2007-2011年上海耕地利用集约度的演变规律及特征，以及2011年沪郊耕地利用集约度结构特征及空间分布特征。结果表明：2007-2011年上海耕地利用集约度表现为小幅波动，总体水平较高，基本高于1．3×1016 sej/hm2；劳动力集约度整体呈下降趋势，劳动力投入所占比重也呈逐年下降趋势，降幅达到49％。2007-2011年，农业机械集约度增幅为12％，其所占比重稳居首位，并呈逐年上升趋势。化肥、农药、地膜所占比重相对较小，均呈先增后降趋势，化肥集约度与农药集约度也是先增后降，地膜集约度则一直表现为下降趋势。2011年，上海各郊区（县）耕地利用集约度差异明显，宝山区和崇明县耕地利用集约度（排名前两位）是闵行区的2倍以上；从空间分布上看，上海北部远郊区（县）的耕地利用集约度远高于上海西南部远郊和近郊的耕地利用集约度。研究结果可为促进上海在经济快速发展过程中耕地集约利用水平的提高提供决策支持。