早春不同覆盖保温方式对上海地区甜瓜生长发育的影响

摘要

To explore the effects of two covering models(single-roof model and double-roof model)on melon growth and changes in small climate in early spring of Shanghai,small climate,melon growth period data and product yield under the two covering models from 2012 to 2013 in Pudong District,Shanghai,were analyzed by mathematical statistics method.The results showed that compared with the single-roof model,the lowest tempera-ture around the plant in the double-roof model was higher than that of single-roof model,and the difference be-tween them was significant;Rate of survival after transplantation increased by 3.2%—5.5%,date of bloom was 3—8 d earlier,maturation stage was 7—9 d earlier,economic benefit of 667 m2 melon increased by 29.9%,mor-bidity of gummy stem blight increased by 2.0%—2.6%;The differences of fruit quality and commodity rate be-tween the two models were not significant.The double-roof model significantly increased the economic benefit of melon production,but also increased the risk of disease.This research results could provide technical basis for meteorological prevention and melon production in Shanghai.%为了探究上海地区早春套棚五膜覆盖和传统五膜覆盖方式对甜瓜生长发育的影响及其小气候变化规律，应用数理统计分析方法对2012—2013年在上海市浦东新区早春甜瓜两种覆盖方式小气候、甜瓜生育期和产量等试验资料进行分析。结果表明：套棚五膜覆盖明显提高了作物层内最低气温，与传统五膜覆盖之间的差异显著；套棚五膜覆盖甜瓜苗移栽后成活率提高了3.2％—5.5％，开花期提早了3—8 d，果实成熟期提早了7—9 d，单位面积经济效益增加了29.9％，甜瓜蔓枯病发生率增加了2.0％—2.6％，两种覆盖方式甜瓜果实品质、商品率的差异不显著。研究结果为上海地区甜瓜生产制定气象防灾措施及指导甜瓜生产提供了技术依据。