根际高温对不同砧木黄瓜嫁接苗开花结果期生理特性及果实品质的影响

摘要

Taking Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché,Cucurbita moschata,Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata ‘ Yongzhen No.8 ',Luffa cylindrica ‘ Wuyexiang' and Momordica charantin ‘ Aomei' as rootstock,Cucumis sativus ‘Chunqiuwang No.2' as scion,the survival rate of grafted cucumber with different rootstocks,and the physiological characteristics and fruit quality of grafted and self rooted plants treated with normal temperature (25 ℃) and high temperature (35 ℃) in rhizosphere for 5 d and recovered for 5 d during flowering and fruiting period were studied by hydroponic cultivation method.The results showed that the survival rate of grafted cucumber seedling with Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché was the highest.After treated by high temperature (35 ℃) in rhizosphere for 5 d,the content of MDA,proline,soluble sugar and antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves of the grafted and self rooted plants increased during flowering and fruiting period,and the root activity decreased.The soluble protein content decreased in leaves of self-rooted seedling and grafted seedling with Momordica charantin ‘Aomei' and Cucurbitaficifolia Bouché,and increased in leaves of the other rootstock grafted plants.The content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in fruit of Cucurbita moschata rootstock grafting plants were the highest;and free amino acids content in fruit was after Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché rootstock grafting plant,VC content in fruit was after Luffa cylindrica ‘Wuyexiang' rootstock grafting plant.Taken together,the fruit quality of Cucurbita moschata rootstock grafting plant was the best.It was also suggested that there were obvious differences in tolerance to high temperature in rhizosphere of grafted cucumber with different rootstocks during flowering and fruiting period.Among which,tolerance of grafted plants with Luffa cylindrica ' Wuyexiang' was the strongest.%以黑籽南瓜(Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché)、日本南瓜(Cucurbita moschata)、‘甬砧8号’白籽南瓜(Cucurbita maxima×Cucurbita moschata‘Yongzhen No.8’)、‘五叶香’丝瓜(Luffa cylindrica' Wuyexiang’)和‘傲美,苦瓜(Momordica charantin‘Aomei’)为砧木,‘春秋王2号’黄瓜(Cucumis sativus‘Chunqiuwang No.2’)为接穗,采用营养液栽培法,研究了不同砧木黄瓜嫁接苗的成活率,以及开花结果期嫁接植株和自根植株在25℃(CK)和35℃根际温度下处理5d及恢复生长5d后的生理特性及果实品质.结果表明:黑籽南瓜砧木嫁接苗成活率最高;根际高温处理后,开花结果期的嫁接植株和自根植株叶片丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量及抗氧化酶活性升高,根系活力下降;可溶性蛋白含量在‘傲美’苦瓜砧、黑籽南瓜砧嫁接植株和自根植株叶片内降低,在其他砧木嫁接植株叶片内升高;日本南瓜砧木嫁接植株果实可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量最高,游离氨基酸含量仅次于黑籽南瓜砧木嫁接植株果实,VC含量仅次于‘五叶香’丝瓜砧木嫁接植株果实.综合来看,日本南瓜作砧木嫁接植株果实品质最佳.研究还表明:在开花结果期不同砧木黄瓜嫁接植株对根际高温的耐受性存在明显差异,其中以‘五叶香’丝瓜作砧木的嫁接植株耐受性最强.