为了给不同专用小麦的育种及高产优质栽培提供参考.在大田试验条件下,采用强、中、弱筋小麦品种郑麦366、豫麦49-198、郑麦004,研究了不同穗粒位籽粒蛋白质含量、SDS沉降值及氮代谢关键酶活性的差异.结果表明,对于蛋白质含量,强、弱筋力类型小麦品种穗位差异均表现为下＞中＞上,而中筋品种豫麦49-198则表现为中＞下＞上；3个小麦品种蛋白质含量在不同粒位之间均表现为G1、G2位蛋白含量显著高于G3位,表明G1、G2位籽粒对提高蛋白质含量有利.3个品种籽粒SDS沉降值均表现为中、下部籽粒较高；郑麦366的中、下部穗位的G1位SDS沉降值显著高于其他粒位；对于中筋和弱筋品种,粒位差异为G2 ＞G1 ＞G3.对于GS酶活性来说,郑麦366和豫麦49-198的下部穗位籽粒活性较高,而弱筋品种郑麦004中部穗位籽粒活性较高.而GOGAT酶活性均表现为下部穗位最大,上部穗位最小,粒位则表现为G3最小.蛋白含量、SDS沉降值与酶活性的相关分析表明,GS和GOGAT酶活性与籽粒蛋白质含量和SDS沉降值显著正相关.在小麦育种及栽培中,对于强、中筋小麦品种,适当减少花位以保证品质、增加穗数保证产量；对于弱筋小麦品种,则适当增加花位以增加产量及改善加工品质.%In order to provide references to wheat breeding and high-yield cultivation, the difference of grain protein content, SDS sedimentation value and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity in different spikelet and grain position were studied in this paper. Three kinds of wheat varieties, strong-gluten wheat Zhengmai 366, middle-gluten wheat Yumai 49 - 198 , weak-gluten wheat Zhengmai 004 were planted in the field conditions. The result showed that grain protein content of Zhengmai 366 and Zhengmai 004 were observed the highest value in basal spikelet, followed by central spikelet,then apical spikelet. However, for Yumai 49, the grain protein content was as follow: central > basal > apical. Grain protein content presented in Gl and G2 were higher significantly than G3. Therefore the Gl and G2 grain position were beneficial for improving protein content. SDS sedimentation values of the three type culti-vars were observed the highest value in the middle and base positions. For Zhengmai 366, Gl grain of the middle and base position was significantly higher than other position. For the middle and weak gluten cultivar,the grain position difference presented as follow:G2 > Gl > G3. As for GS enzyme activity,the highest activity was showed in the grain of the basal spikelet of Zhengmai 366 and Yumai 49 - 198. But, the highest value was observed in the central spikelet grain of Zhengmai 004. As for GOG AT enzyme activity, the highest value was obtained in the basal spikelet and the lowest value was obtained in the apical spikelet. The significant correlation relationship between protein content, SDS sedimentation value,GS and GOGAT enzyme activity indicated that the improvement of GS and GOGAT activity would benefit to improve grain protein content and processing quality. Based on these results, measures of reducing florets and increasing the number of spikes could be taken to increase yield and improve quality for strong-gluten and middle-gluten wheat varieties. Measures of increasing florets could be taken to increase yield and processing quality for weaken-gluten wheat variety.
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