A two-year experiment with different irrigation rates and nitrogen application rates was conducted in greenhouse winter-spring cucumber. Dry matter accumulation,nutrient uptake,water and nitrogen use efficiency and yield were investigated with treatments in furrow irrigation patterns under film covered. The results showed that characteristics of dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake were similar and looked like "S" curve. The fruiting stage was the critical stage for dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake. The root dry matter was not affected significantly by different water and nitrogen application patterns, but leaves and stems and fruits dry matter were affected during fruiting stage. Optimized water and nitrogen application rates improved the dry matter accumulation and the ratio to the total dry matter,especially the fruit accumulation, but decreased the ratio of root to shoot. The nutrient uptake was absorbed as N 396～490 kg/ha,P 93 ～ 127 kg/ha,K 516 ～ 529 kg/ha,with an order of K > N > P to attain the cucumber yield of 150 to 200 t/ha. The N: P: K ratio of nutrient uptake was 1: 0. 21: 1. 17 for optimized rnwater and nitrogen application rates. Both nitrogen fertilization and water-reduced could improve the dry matter,nitrogen uptake. Compared with conventional water and nitrogen supply, optimized water and nitrogen application rate improved dry matter accumulation, nitrogen uptake and the ratio of nitrogen in fruit. The ratio of P and K to N were increased but the uptake of P and K were decreased for optimized treatment. So optimized water and nitrogen supply improved nitrogen use efficiency, partial nitrogen production efficiency, and the water use efficiency, while decreased luxury uptake of phosphorous and potassium for cucumber.%采用田间小区试验方法,研究了日光温室膜下沟灌模式下,不同水氮供应对冬春茬黄瓜不同生育时期及各个器官干物质积累量、氮磷钾吸收及分配规律、水氮利用效率和产量的影响.结果表明,冬春茬黄瓜干物质积累与氮磷钾养分吸收规律一致,均呈“S”曲线,结瓜期是干物质积累和养分吸收的关键时期.不同水氮供应对根系干物质积累与分配影响差异不显著,主要影响叶片、茎和果实的积累.结瓜期优化水氮处理降低黄瓜根冠比,提高地上部干物质积累量和分配比例,特别是促进果实积累.黄瓜对氮磷钾养分吸收量的大小为:钾＞氮＞磷,形成150 ～ 200 t/hm2商品产量的黄瓜,氮磷钾吸收量分别为N 396～490 kg/hm2,P 93～ 127 kg/hm2,K 516 ～529 kg/hm2,优化水氮供应处理的黄瓜氮磷钾吸收比例(N:P:K)为1:0.20:1.17.增施氮肥和节水灌溉均能增加黄瓜干物质积累量、提高氮素吸收量.与传统水氮管理相比,优化水氮供应提高植株氮素吸收量和果实氮素吸收的比例,提高了对磷钾的吸收比例,但降低了磷钾吸收量.优化水氮供应在保证黄瓜产量的前提下,显著提高了氮肥利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和水分利用效率,同时降低了黄瓜对磷钾的奢侈吸收.
展开▼
