耕作方式对土壤理化性状及夏玉米生长发育和产量的影响

摘要

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of soil tillage methods on soil physical and chemical properties ,summer maize growth and grain yield ,and to provide a scientific basis for improving soil struc-ture and grain yield in northern areas of Huang-Huai-Hai region .This experiment contained four tillage styles which were sub-soiling,plowing tillage,alternate year sub-soiling and rotary tillage.The results showed that sub-soiling,al-ternate year sub-soiling and plowing tillage could significantly reduce the soil compactness at 10 cm underground and deeper;improved the soil moisture content at different growth stages ,the effect was most prominent between 20 cm to 40 cm soil layer;increased the soil potassium content′s availability between 20 cm to 60 cm soil layer;helped to maintain leaf area index at middle and later filling stages and dry matter accumulation increased 7.79%-18.09%;and increased maximum and average filling rate ,grain yield per hectare increased 4.1%-9.3%.Sub-soiling and al-ternate year sub-soiling had no significant difference between them .As far as high-yield and energy saving were con-cerned in the experiment ,the most appropriate treatment for recommendation was the alternate year sub -soiling.%研究耕作方式对土壤理化性状、夏玉米生长发育及籽粒产量的影响，为黄淮海北部地区土壤结构改善和籽粒产量提高提出有利的科学依据。试验设夏玉米前茬深松、翻耕、隔年深松和传统耕作旋耕4个处理。研究结果表明，深松、隔年深松、翻耕能够显著降低10 cm以下土层的土壤紧实度；提高各生育时期土壤含水量，尤其以20～40 cm土层表现最为明显；增加20～60 cm土层速效钾含量；有利于维持夏玉米灌浆中后期叶面积指数，干物质的积累量增加7．79％～18．09％；提高籽粒最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率，每公顷产量提高4．1％～9．3％。各处理间以深松和隔年深松处理表现最好，且两处理无显著差异。本试验条件下，隔年深松是兼顾高产节能高效的耕作方式。