植物生长调节剂对甘薯产量和激素含量的影响

摘要

为了探讨植物生长调节剂对甘薯产量和激素含量的影响，以济薯18、徐薯18和商薯0110为试验材料，在开始进入块根膨大期时（移栽后第35天），叶面喷施矮壮素・ DA－6合剂和烯效唑，观察植物生长调节剂对不同生长类型甘薯的产量、光合作用和叶片、块根中的激素含量的影响。结果表明，植物生长调节剂处理促进同化物向根部的转运，提高了块根的产量。其中每 hm 2喷施1500 mL 矮壮素・ DA－6合剂处理显著提高了3个品种的产量，225 g 烯效唑处理显著提高了济薯18和徐薯18的产量。调节剂处理对不同类型甘薯光合作用的影响不同，矮壮素・ DA－6合剂处理显著提高了徐薯18的光合速率，而对济薯18和商薯0110的光合速率的提高没有达到显著水平，烯效唑处理对甘薯叶片的光合作用没有显著影响。烯效唑处理降低了3个甘薯品种的叶片 IAA 含量，显著降低了济薯18膨大中期的 GA3和叶片 ZR 含量，降低了徐薯18膨大后期的块根 ZR 和 ABA 含量；增加了济薯18和徐薯18膨大中、后期的叶片 ABA 含量、膨大前、中期块根 IAA 含量以及整个商薯0110膨大期的块根 IAA 含量。矮壮素 oDA－6合剂处理显著降低了济薯18膨大中期的叶片 IAA、膨大后期的块根和叶片 ZR 含量，降低了徐薯18膨大前期叶片 IAA、ZR、ABA、块根ZR 含量以及降低了商薯0110膨大前期的叶片 GA3和后期的 ZR 含量；增加了济薯18膨大前期的块根 ABA、GA3、叶片 ZR、中期的叶片 ABA 和整个膨大期的块根 IAA 含量，增加徐薯18膨大前期的叶片 ZR、中期的块根 GA3和 ZR 含量、叶片 IAA、ABA、后期的块根 IAA 含量，增加了商薯0110膨大期的块根 ZR、ABA、中期的叶片 ZR、后期的叶片 GA含量。植物生长调节剂处理部分改变了甘薯内源激素的变化动态，促进了地上部同化物向块根的转运，提高了甘薯的块根产量，植物生长调节剂对甘薯光合作用的影响因品种类型而异，并不是影响甘薯块根产量的主要因素。%To investigate the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs)on the yield and phytohormone in sweet potato,the experiments were conducted with the spraying of PGRs at the beginning of enlargement stage in Jinan ex-perimental base of SAAS.The effects of PGRs on the yield,dry matter distribution,photosynthesis and the phytohor-mone in root and leaf were investigated in three types (exuberant,general and feeblish of over ground part) sweet potato under field conditions.The results showed that the PGRs increased the root yield of sweet potato,enhanced the transfer of assimilation to the root.The mixture of CCC and DA-6 increased the photosynthetic rate of Xushu 18 and the effect of S3307 on the photosynthesis of 3 varieties was not significant compared with the contrast,and there was no significant relationship between the effect of PGRs on the photosynthesis and root yield.The treatment of S3307 decreased the concentration of leaf IAA in 3 sweet potato varieties,and decreased leaf ZR and GA3 content in middle expansion period of Jishu 18,and decreased the leaf ZR and ABA content in later expansion period of Xushu 18,and the treatment of S3307 increased the leaf ABA content in middle and later expansion period and the root IAA content in front and middle expansion period of Jishu 18 and Xushu 18,and the IAA content in root of Shang-shu 0110 was improved by S3307 during the expansion period.The mixture of CCC and DA-6 decreased the leaf IAA content in middle and root and leaf ZR content in later expansion period of Jishu 18,and decreased the leaf IAA,ZR,ABA and root ZR content in fronter expansion period of Xushu 18,and decreased the leaf GA3 in froner stage and the ZR content in later expansion stage.The mixture of CCC and DA-6 in increased the root ABA,GA3 and leaf ZR content in fronter stage and leaf ABA content in middle stage and root IAA content during the expan-sion stage of Jishu 18,and increased the leaf ZR content in froner stage and root GA3 and ZR,leaf IAA and ABA content in middle stage and root IAA content in later expansion period of Xushu 18,and increased the root ZR and ABA in the whole period and leaf ZR content in middle stage and leaf GA3 content in later expansion stage of Shan-gshu 0110.The treatment of PGRs changed the trend of phytohormone content of sweet potato on a certain extent, and promoted the transfer of assimilation from leaf and stem to the root,increasing the yield of tuberous root.The effect of PGRs on the photosynthesis varied with variety type,which was not the main effect of tuberous root yield.