Using single factor randomized block experiment,make saline water(EC=3 mS/cm)irrigation directly as control,to study effect on contents of mineral elements of tomato plants′roots,stems,leaves at fruit-set period,the early stage of full bearing period,later stage of full bearing period and different growing periods fruits of different irrigation methods of saline water.Results showed that:①These ten kinds of mineral elements in tomato roots,stems,leaves and fruits all showed regular changes.Six kinds of mineral elements contents in roots,stems,leaves were N,K,Ca greater than P,Mg,Na,in four kinds of microelements,the Fe,Mn was higher,next was Zn,Cu was the lowest;Except K,young fruits had the highest contents of five kinds of macroelement,the content of K was the highest in mature fruits.Microelements′ content in fruits were Fe,Zn was higher,Cu,Mn was lower.In fruits,K was positive correlation with the other nine kinds of mineral elements.Na,Mg,Mn was antagonism with Zn,Cu,P.② Saline water irrigation increased Na content of tomato root, stem, leaf and fruit in quality formation period, direct irrigation with saline water increased the maximum.Compared with freshwater irrigation, the total N content of all parts of tomato plant is also improved under saline water irrigation directly, but it was not conducive to the absorption and accumulation of N, P and 4 kinds trace elements of tomato fruit.Fresh water irrigation is beneficial to improve the content of P, K and Zn in each part of the plant, and promote the uptake and accumulation of N, P, K and Fe, Zn of tomato fruit.The content of Ca, Mg and Fe in each part of the plant can be improved when use saline water and fresh water rotation irrigation according to plant growth periods, Ca and Mg content of tomato at young fruit period and mature period are also higher under saline water freshwater irrigation in sequence and rotation irrigation according to plant growth periods.The contents of Cu and Mn in each part of plant are higher when use mixed water irrigation and saline water fresh water irrigation in sequence, so the content of Cu under mixed water irrigation and the content of Mn under saline water fresh water irrigation in sequence in the fruit are also higher at fruit quality formation period.So,using saline water irrigation in a short time or decreased the EC of saline water(rotation irrigation,mixing water irrigation)could avoid the negative influence of saline water and supplement the necessary elements of plants,they were N,Ca,Mg and Fe,Mn,Cu and so on.%为合理、安全利用微咸水,促进番茄高效可持续生产,以京番301为试验材料,采用沙土槽培、单因素完全随机区组试验,以微咸水(EC=3 mS/cm)直接灌溉为对照,研究了微咸水不同灌溉方式对坐果期、盛果期、盛果后期番茄植株根、茎、叶及不同生育期果实中矿质元素含量的影响.结果表明:①番茄植株根、茎、叶及果实中的10种矿质元素含量在生育期内呈规律性的变化,根、茎、叶中6种大量矿质元素含量均为N、K、Ca大于P、Mg、Na,4种微量元素含量以Fe、Mn较高,Zn次之,Cu最低;除K外,幼果期果实中5种大量矿质元素含量最高,K在成熟期果实中含量最高,果实中微量元素含量以Fe、Zn较高,Cu和Mn较低.果实中K含量与其余9种矿质元素含量存在一定的增效作用,而Mg与Zn、Cu、P 3种元素 ,Na、Mn与Fe、Zn、Cu、P 4 种元素间存在一定的拮抗作用.②微咸水参与灌溉提高了番茄植株各部位及品质形成期果实中全Na的含量,以微咸水直接灌溉提高幅度最大.与淡水灌溉相比,微咸水直接灌溉植株各部位全N含量也有所提高,但不利于果实对N、P和4种微量元素的吸收与积累.淡水灌溉有利于提高植株各部位全效P、K及Zn的含量,进而促进果实对N、P、K及Fe、Zn的吸收与积累.微咸水淡水按生育期轮灌可提高植株各部位Ca、Mg、Fe的含量,微咸水淡水按次轮灌和按生育期轮灌下幼果期、成熟期果实中Ca、Mg含量也较高.混合水灌溉和按次轮灌植株各部位Cu和Mn含量较高,因此品质形成期混合水灌溉下果实中Cu含量、按次轮灌下果实中Mn含量也较高.综上,短期微咸水灌溉或降低微咸水的矿化度灌溉(轮灌、混合水灌溉)不仅能够节约淡水资源,而且可以有效避免微咸水直接灌溉对植株生长的不利影响,并补充植物所需的N、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu等营养元素.
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