播种期和密度对冬小麦新冬29号产量形成的影响

摘要

为给在近年冬前积温增加的前提下冬小麦的种植选择适宜的播种期和密度组合,以新冬29号为材料,于2009-2010年在新疆伊宁市进行播种期和密度二因素试验,研究不同播种期和密度条件下小麦的产量及其构成状况.结果表明,播种期和密度对各生育时期总茎数的影响都显著.播种期对穗粒数、千粒质量的影响不显著,但对穗数和籽粒产量的影响显著.密度对3个产量构成因素的影响均达到显著水平,但对籽粒产量的影响不显著.播种期与密度对单位面积穗数、穗粒数和籽粒产量存在显著交互作用.根据各播种期与密度组合的产量分析,10月10日为最佳播种期,其适宜密度为基本苗480万/hm2;10月2日至10日为较适宜播种期,其适宜密度为基本苗(480~600)万/hm2.%In order to clarify the suitable combination of sowing date and planting density under the condition of increasing accumulative temperature before over-winter of winter wheat, a field experiment with split plot design was conducted at Yining county,the middle area of Xinjiang province,during 2009 - 2010. The main results were that, the effect of sowing date and planting density on total culms -was significant during -whole growing period. The effect of sowing date on grain number per spike and 1000 grain -weight -was not significant, but the effect on spike number and grain yield -wassignificant. The effect of planting density on yield components were all significant statistically, but the effect on grain yield was not significant. Also, the interactions of sowing date and planting density on spike number per hectare,grains per spike and grain yield were significant. According to the grain yield of all the combinations of sowing date and planting density,October 10 is the best sowing date for -winter wheat,with the corresponding density of 480 seedlings per hectare;October 2 to 10 is the suitable sowing period,with the corresponding density of 4.8 -6.0 million seedlings per hectare.