The purpose of the paper is to explore the genetic relationship and germplasm resources of Amygdalus communis in Xinjiang for providing a scientific basis for protection and utilization in the future.With ‘Zhipi’ and ‘Amannisha’ and the other 24 Amygdalus communis varieties in Xinjiang as materials,and then we compared and analysed its botanical characters in leaves and fruits.After the total DNA was extracted,the ITS and trnl-trnF sequences were respectively amplified and sequenced.These sequences were joined together,then the homology of the sequences were compared.Using MEGA5 software to build the phylogenetic tree of different Amygdalus communis varieties based on ITS trnl-trnF sequences.Compared with botanical properties,the results found that ‘Aifeng’ had the highest leaf shape index of 4.12,the highest kernel percentage was 72.9 ％ in ‘Yeerqiang’,it was the highest in the selected 24 Amygdalus communis germplasm resources.The analysis by related bioinformatics software showed that ITS was in 608-610 bp sequence length,including 42 mutation loci and 9 simple information sites,G+-C content was at 61.16％-61.90％.Sequence length of trnl-trnF was in 915-933 bp and it had abundant variation and simple information sites which was 457 and 332 respectively,accounting for 48.8％ and 35.7％ of the total length respectively,its G+-C content was low at 32.46％-32.94％.ITS and trnl-trnF sequences and,phylogenetic tree showed that the genetic distance between ITS sequence was between 0.000-0.008,genetic distance between trnl-trnF sequences was between 0.000-0.400,‘Shuangbao’ and ‘Shuangruan’ had the same genetic background.%为探究新疆扁桃种质的亲缘关系,以新疆‘纸皮’与‘阿曼尼沙’等24个扁桃种质为材料,对其叶片及果实的植物学性状进行对比分析.提取总DNA后分别对ITS与trnl-trnF序列进行PCR扩增、纯化及测序,将所测序列进行拼接及同源性比对.利用MEGA5软件构建基于ITS和trnl-trnF序列的不同扁桃种质间的系统发育树.通过植物学性状对比发现,‘矮丰’的叶形指数最高为4.12,‘叶尔羌’的出仁率为72.9％,在供试24个扁桃种质中最高.经相关生物信息学软件分析表明,ITS序列长度为608～610 bp,包括42个变异位点和9个简约信息位点,G+C含量为61.16％～61.90％. trnl-trnF序列长度为915～933 bp,其变异位点和简约信息位点丰富,分别为457个和332个,分别占总长的48.8％和35.7％,G+C含量较低,为32.46％～32.94％.基于ITS和trnl-trnF序列的系统发育树表明,ITS序列间的遗传距离为0.000～0.008,trnl-trnF序列间的遗传距离为0.000～0.400,‘双薄’与‘双软’具有相同的遗传背景.
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