以通过伽马射线选育的脆性突变水稻(brittleness mutationrice,BM)和对照亲本中花11(Zhonghua11)为研究对象,分析突变基因对水稻细胞壁成分以及细胞超微结构的影响.结果表明:(1)脆性突变水稻细胞壁纤维组分含量发生了变化.其中,与对照亲本相比,脆性突变水稻叶、茎、根纤维素含量分别极显著下降了18.99%、37.29%和23.34%(P<0.01);半纤维素的含量分别极显著提高了46.07%、85.26%和61.90%(P<0.01).(2)通过扫描电镜观察,脆性突变水稻的组织结构发生了较大变化:叶片薄壁组织扩张,厚壁组织收缩, 维管束数目减少;茎杆外表皮硅质瘤状结构分布稀疏;根中柱韧皮部组织排列稀疏,连接松散.(3)通过透射电镜观察,脆性突变水稻的细胞和细胞壁结构也有较大变化:叶片厚壁组织细胞细胞壁分层不明显;茎杆薄壁组织细胞形状不规则,大小不均一;根薄壁组织细胞细胞壁表面凹凸不平,形体膨松胀大.鉴于以上特征,脆性突变水稻具有作为饲料稻的潜在优势.%The cell wall component and ultra-structure of plant were compared between brittleness mutation (BM) rice obtained by seed gamma-ray (γ) treatment and its wild type from japonica variety Zhonghua-11 in this study. The cellulose content in leaf, stem, and root of BM-rice significantly decreased (P<0.01) by 18.99%, 37.29% and 23.34% compared with those of wild type, respectively, while the hemi-cellulose content in leaf, stem and root for BM-rice significantly increased (P<0.01) by 46.07%, 85.26% and 61.96%, respectively. The leaf parenchyma of BM-rice was much larger than that of wild type rice by the observation of SEM. For the BM-rice, the sclerenchyma of leaves was shrunken, vascular bundle of leaves was reduced, the strumae of outer epidermis of stem was sparse and the link of phloem of root was loosed and dispersed. The hiberarchy of sclerenchyma cell wall of BM-rice leaf was not obvious by the observation of TEM. Besides, the arrangement of parenchyma cells of BM-rice stem was disordered and the exterior of parenchyma cell wall of BM-rice root was knaggy. In conclusion, BM-rice has potential advantages in utilization as a fodder-rice.
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