稻秸、象草和杂交狼尾草青贮的研究

摘要

为探讨乳酸菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)添加剂对不同原料青贮发酵品质的影响,对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)的2个中粳稻品系(9015,9019)稻秸和2个热带牧草(象草(Pennisetum purpureum ),杂交狼尾草(Pennisetum americanum XP.purpureum))进行了青贮研究.将新鲜稻秸或牧草切碎后添加乳酸菌(0.02g·kg1),同时设对照组(无添加物),袋装青贮45d后取样检测.结果表明:添加乳酸菌的青贮饲料其可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量、有机物消化率(IVOMD)、干物质回收率(DMR)、乳酸((LA)含量、乳酸/乙酸( LA/AA)比对照提高;中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量,pH,氨态氮/总氮(AN/TN)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)含量下降;乳酸菌(LAB)对WSC含量、NDF含量、DMR,IVOMD,LA含量、AN/TN、乙酸(AA)含量、丙酸(PA)含量、IA/AA,VFAs含量影响差异极显著(P<0.01).不同的青贮原料对青贮饲料的营养特性指标、pH,LA含量,AN/TN,LA/ AA,AA含量和VFAs含量影响极显著(P<0.01),杂交狼尾草的青贮品质最佳.添加乳酸菌可以改善青贮饲料的品质,但不同原料间的青贮品质差异较大.%The effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on fermentation quality of different materials were studied. Fresh straws of 2 medium japonica rice lines (9015 and 9019) and 2 tropical forage varieties(elephant grass and Hybrid Pennisetum)were chopped and ensiled with adding or without adding LAB (0.02 g · kg-1 fresh material) . Results show that water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), dry matter recovery (DMR), lactic acid (LA) content, lactic acid / acetic acid (LA/AA)with adding LAB were more increased than those without adding LAB. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF)content, acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, pH, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (AN/TN), volatile fatty acids(VFAs) content with adding LAB were more reduced than those without adding LAB. There were very significant in WSC content,NDF content,DMR ,IVOMD,LA content,AN/TN,AA content,PA content,LA/AA,VFAs content with and without adding LAB (P＜0. 01). There were very significant differences in nutritional property indexes, pH, LA content, AN/TN, LA/AA, AA content and VFAs content among different materials (P＜0.01). Fermentation quality of hybrid pennisetum was best. Adding LAB can improve fermentation quality, but fermentation quality was different between materials.