中国四种芒属植物的地理分布及气候模式研究

摘要

为了明确4种芒属植物在我国的分布水平和气候模式,本文通过查阅馆藏标本和实地调查相结合,对4种芒属植物野生居群所在地的地理因子和气候因子进行统计分析.结果如下:南荻(Miscanthus lutariori parius)水平分布的范围111.48～120.81°E,28.18～34.82°N,垂直分布范围为0～321 m,荻(M.sacchari florus)的水平分布范围为29.90～47.53°N,106.27～113.76°E,垂直分布范围为 1～1 455 m,五节芒(M.floridulus)的水平分布范围为19.14～38.33°N,104.78～122.39°E,垂直分布范围为0～1 650 m,芒(M.sinensis)的水平分布范围为18.81～43.56°N,100.44～127.55°E,垂直分布范围为-12～1 678m;芒属植物分布的气候模式为:年平均降雨量202.40～2 444.00 mm、年积温2 074.00～8 500.00℃、平均温度1.20～24.40℃、夏季极端高温30.90～45.20℃、冬季极端低温-23.21～10.64℃、1月份平均气温-24.10～18.70C、7月份平均气温18.00～32.70℃、全年无霜期110.00～365.00 d,年累积日照时间511.00～2 868.00 h;主成分分析结果表明:芒属4个种的第1主成分均可命名为气温因素,且起主导作用是1月份平均气温和全年无霜期;第2主成分则主要由年降雨量和日照时间决定.以上研究结果表明芒属植物在我国分布广、气候适应性强,具有作为能源植物开发的潜力.%In order to confirm the distribution and temperature mode of four types of Miscanthus in China,this paper combined collected specimen and field investigation,analyzed statistically on geographical and climatic factors of four types Miscanthus wild population.The results as following:firstly,the horizontal distribution of Miscanthus lutarioriparius was 111.48～120.81°E and 28.18～34.82°N,respectively,the vertical distribution was 0～321 m;the horizontal distribution of Miscanthus sacchariflorus were 29.90～ 47.53°N and 106.27～113.76°E,respectively,the vertical distribution was-1～1 455 m;the horizontal distribution of Miscanthus floridulus was 19.14～38.33°N and 104.78～122.39°E,respectively,the vertical distribution was 0～1 650 m;the horizontal distribution of Miscanthus sinensis was 18.81～43.56 °N and 100.44～127.55 °E,respectively,the vertical distribution was-12～1 678 m.Secondly,the temperature mode of Miscanthus as following:the yearly average precipitation was between 202.40 and 2 444.00 mm,the annual accumulated temperature was between 2 074.00 C and 8 500.00 ℃,the yearly average temperature was between 1.20℃ and 24.40℃,the extremely high temperature was between 30.90℃ and 45.20℃ in summer,extremely low temperature was-23.21～10.64 ℃ in winter,the average temperature of January was between-24.10℃ and 18.70℃,Average temperature of July was between 18.00℃ and 32.70℃,the frost-free period was between 110.00 d and 365.00 d,Annual accumulated sun time was between 511.00 h and 2868.00 h.Thirdly,the results of principal component analysis showed as following:PC1 could be explained by the temperature factor,which included the average temperature of January and the frost-free period in whole year.PC2 was decided by the yearly average precipitation and the annual accumulated sun time.The previous results showed that Miscanthus had a wide distribution and strong adaptability to the climate,which was used to develop as an energy plant.