利用ARCGIS和ENVI软件,以2005年、2015年遥感影像Landsat TM/OLI为数据源,得到2期渭库绿洲土地利用/覆被类型图,在空间尺度上将研究区进行土地利用类型分级处理分析土地利用/覆被变化特征,并从时空分布和生态系统服务价值及区域环境质量3个方面进行生态效应研究,通过计算土地利用/覆被类型的面积,从而获得区域环境质量指数,最终建立渭-库绿洲土地利用类型与生态环境之间的变化关系,并对研究区进行生态环境质量动态分析.结果表明2005 2015年期间该地区土地利用变化主要表现为耕地、水体和未利用土地的面积呈现出逐渐减少的趋势,与此相反,草地、林地和盐渍地面积呈增加的趋势;10年间渭-库绿洲的生态系统服务价值从3.90亿元增加到5.50亿元,总价值增加的主要原因是草地和林地面积的增加;渭-库绿洲的区域生态环境质量指数从0.38上升至0.43.生态环境质量在维持着相对平衡的同时,呈现出一种上升态势.本文通过对干旱区土地利用/覆被变化定性定量分析,有助于干旱区生态脆弱区域水资源的合理利用.%This paper analyzed the effect of land use/cover change on ecological environment of the studying area from aspects of ecosystem services value,ecological environment quality index and the contribution proportions of land use/cover type transformation.Based on GIS spatial analysis techniques and land use/cover change date in Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis in 2005 and 2015 which were extracted from remote sensing images during 2005 and 2015.The results showed that:the areas of water,cropland and unused land decreased while the areas of forest,grassland and salt lick increased in the Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis from 2005 to 2015.From 2005 to 2015,the total value of ecosystem services of the Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis increased from 390 million yuan to 550 million yuan.The increase in the areas of grassland and forest land was the main reason for the increase of total value.The regional eco-environmental quality index increased from 0.38 to 0.43.The overall quality of regional eco-environment maintained relatively stable with a rising trend.However,the trends of both improvement and degradation in eco-environment coexisted.The results could provide reference for regional comprehensive quantitative assessment in the future.
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