社会支持对农村留守老人主观幸福感影响的调查分析

摘要

目的：探讨社会支持等因素对农村留守老人主观幸福感（ subjective well－being，SWB）的影响。方法：以安徽省农村老年人为对象，采用社会支持量表社会支持问卷（ social support rating scale，SSRS）、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表（ Memorial Univer－sity of Newfoundland scale of happiness，MUNSH）及自编的调查表进行调查，对所得数据进行方差分析、相关分析和回归分析。结果：农村留守老人SWB低于非留守老人（P＜0．05）；留守老人与非留守老人在主观支持和客观支持及社会支持总分方面差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；逐步回归分析，主观支持，近5年来发生的家庭负性事件、睡眠质量、性格、对社区环境是否满意、是否经常为家事争吵、文化程度等依次进入回归方程。结论：农村留守老年SWB处于中等水平，留守老人低于非留守老人；社会支持是影响农村留守老人SWB的重要因素。%Objective:To investigate the effects of social support on the state of subjective well-being( SWB) in the aged population left behind in the rural areas.Methods:We conducted a survey on the elderly subjects left behind in the countryside in Anhui province by using social support rating scale(SSRS) and Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness( MUNSH) as well as self-programmed questionnaire,and the data generated from the survey were analyzed with the variance,correlation and regression.Results:The elderly left behind scored lower than those with family members around ( P<0. 05).The difference was significant between the two groups regarding the availability of subjective and objective social support(P<0.05).Final entry into the regression equation through regression analysis sequentially included social support availability,occurrence of negative life events,sleeping quality,per-sonality,extent of satisfaction with the living environment,frequent dispute over domestic trivialities in the past fives years as well as educational back-ground.Conclusion:The SWB is in middle level and inferior to their counterparts,and the social support serves as important factors affecting the extent of SWB.