Objective To compare the efficacy of ondansetron and granisetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV ) in high-risk patients. Methods Totally 200 patients with three key risk factors for PONV ( female, non-smoking and postoperative opioid use) were equally randomized into ondansetron group and granisetron group. Ondansetron (4 mg) or granisetron (3 mg) was intravenously administered upon the completion of surgery. The episodes of nausea and vomiting were observed for 24 hours after surgery. Results A significantly greater proportion of patients in granisetron group achieved a complete response (I. E. , no PONV or rescue medication) during the first 24 hours postoperatively versus those in ondansetron group (62. 6% ta. 46. 9% , respectively; P = 0. 048). There were no significant differences in terms of postoperative nausea incidences (42.9% vs. 34.3%, respectively), postoperative vomiting incidences (25.5% vs. 20.2% , respectively) and postoperative rescue anti-emetics incidences (19.4% vs. 15.2% , respectively) (P > 0. 05). Conclusion Granisetron is more effective than ondansetron in preventing PONV in high-risk patients during the first 24 hours postoperatively.%目的 比较昂丹司琼和格拉司琼对术后恶心呕吐高风险患者预防作用的效果.方法 200例行择期全麻手术的术后恶心呕吐高风险患者(女性、非吸烟者和术后应用阿片药),采用随机数字表法根据随机双盲原则分为2组,每组100例,分别于术毕静注昂丹司琼4mg或格拉司琼3mg,比较术后24h内恶心呕吐的情况.结果 术后24h内格拉司琼比昂丹司琼完全抑制恶心呕吐的有效率高(昂丹司琼组46.9％比格拉司琼组62.6％,P＝0.048).术后恶心发生率(昂丹司琼组42.9％比格拉司琼组34.3％)、术后呕吐发生率(昂丹司琼组25.5％比格拉司琼组20.2％)和术后补救性止吐药使用率(昂丹司琼组19.4％比格拉司琼组15.2％)差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对术后恶心呕吐高风险的患者,格拉司琼比昂丹司琼术后24h内完全抑制恶心呕吐的有效率高.
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