中国古代政治与道德关系的历史考察

摘要

The relationship of politics and morality in ancient China society experienced the chaos period of Xia and Shang Dynas⁃ties, and embryonic period in Zhou Dynasty, contending period in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States, formative period in Han Dynasty, and then after the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the relationship between them evolved from political moralization into moral politicization gradually in more than 2000 years. In political practice, Zhou Dynasty replaced the Shang Dynasty and "matching heaven with virtue" theory was proposed, marked that the logic and foundation of political development began to sepa⁃rate, compared to the relationship between them in theory. The political practice of Confucianism taking the dominant position by Em⁃peror Wu in Han Dynasty established the appearance of political moralization, but in its essence it is moral politicization.%中国古代社会中政治与道德关系的理论发展经历了夏商朝的混沌期、西周的雏形期，春秋战国的争鸣期，汉朝的定型期，之后历经唐、宋、元、明、清诸王朝，二千多年间二者的关系从政治的道德化逐渐演变为道德的政治化。在政治实践中，周王朝取代商王朝以及“以德配天”理论的提出，标志着政治发展的逻辑与理论基础与理论中二者间的关系开始分离。汉武帝独尊儒术的政治实践确立了政治道德化的表象，而在实质上却是道德的政治化。